Silvera and Sons
Financial Plan
We want to finance growth through a combination of long-term debt and cash flow. Purchase of the larger facility and equipment will require approximately eighty percent debt financing. Additional technology will be primarily financed with cash-flow. Inventory turnover must remain at or above four or we run the risk of backing up orders and jeopardizing our freshness guarantees. We have had no problems with accounts receivable and we expect to maintain our collection days at 30 with thirty percent of sales on credit.
In addition, we must achieve gross margins of thirty-five percent and hold operating costs no more than sixty-five percent of sales.
7.1 Break-even Analysis
The break-even analysis shows that Silvera & Sons has sufficient sales strength to remain viable. Our per month break-even point projections are detailed in the following table and chart.

Break-even Analysis | |
Monthly Units Break-even | 2,049 |
Monthly Revenue Break-even | $537,078 |
Assumptions: | |
Average Per-Unit Revenue | $262.08 |
Average Per-Unit Variable Cost | $212.00 |
Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost | $102,629 |
7.2 Important Assumptions
Important assumptions for this plan are found in the following table. These assumptions largely determine the financial plan and require that we secure additional financing.
General Assumptions | |||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |
Plan Month | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Current Interest Rate | 14.00% | 14.00% | 14.00% |
Long-term Interest Rate | 9.00% | 9.00% | 9.00% |
Tax Rate | 47.00% | 47.00% | 47.00% |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7.3 Key Financial Indicators
The most important factor to Silvera & Sons anticipated growth is the procurement of necessary financing. The size of the orders currently requested by importers are larger than what can be produced given our present plant capacity.
The following chart shows changes in key financial indicators: sales, gross margin, operating expenses, collection days, and inventory turnover. The growth in sales goes above thirty percent in the first year, twenty percent in second, and back to thirty percent in year three after which it will settle. We expect to increase gross margin but our projections show a decline in the first two years following the purchase of the new facility. This is due to the facilities not being run at maximum capacity. The projections for collection days and inventory turnover show that we expect a decline in these indicators.

7.4 Projected Profit and Loss
We expect to close the first year of production in the new facility with quite exempary ($BRL) sales and to increase our sales in the second and third years. Net earnings will be above industry average ($BRL).




Pro Forma Profit and Loss | |||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |
Sales | $26,260,416 | $33,021,600 | $46,126,400 |
Direct Cost of Sales | $21,242,400 | $26,712,000 | $37,312,000 |
Production Payroll | $300,396 | $316,884 | $331,912 |
Other Costs of Sales | $300,000 | $345,000 | $410,000 |
Total Cost of Sales | $21,842,796 | $27,373,884 | $38,053,912 |
Gross Margin | $4,417,620 | $5,647,716 | $8,072,488 |
Gross Margin % | 16.82% | 17.10% | 17.50% |
Operating Expenses | |||
Sales and Marketing Expenses | |||
Sales and Marketing Payroll | $225,492 | $128,150 | $136,521 |
Advertising/Promotion | $144,000 | $165,000 | $165,000 |
Travel | $21,000 | $22,500 | $24,000 |
Other Sales and Marketing Expenses | $24,000 | $26,500 | $28,500 |
Total Sales and Marketing Expenses | $414,492 | $342,150 | $354,021 |
Sales and Marketing % | 1.58% | 1.04% | 0.77% |
General and Administrative Expenses | |||
General and Administrative Payroll | $119,400 | $130,228 | $173,377 |
Marketing/Promotion | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Depreciation | $216,000 | $216,000 | $216,000 |
Leased Equipment | $50,400 | $50,400 | $50,400 |
Utilities | $36,000 | $36,000 | $36,000 |
Insurance | $72,000 | $75,000 | $78,000 |
Rent | $305,250 | $300,000 | $300,000 |
Payroll Taxes | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Other General and Administrative Expenses | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Total General and Administrative Expenses | $799,050 | $807,628 | $853,777 |
General and Administrative % | 3.04% | 2.45% | 1.85% |
Other Expenses: | |||
Other Payroll | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Consultants | $18,000 | $24,000 | $30,000 |
Other Expenses | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Total Other Expenses | $18,000 | $24,000 | $30,000 |
Other % | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.07% |
Total Operating Expenses | $1,231,542 | $1,173,778 | $1,237,798 |
Profit Before Interest and Taxes | $3,186,078 | $4,473,938 | $6,834,690 |
EBITDA | $3,402,078 | $4,689,938 | $7,050,690 |
Interest Expense | $269,166 | $238,449 | $225,191 |
Taxes Incurred | $1,370,949 | $1,990,680 | $3,106,465 |
Net Profit | $1,545,964 | $2,244,809 | $3,503,035 |
Net Profit/Sales | 5.89% | 6.80% | 7.59% |
7.5 Projected Cash Flow
Silvera & Sons expects to manage cash flow over the next three years with the assistance of a loan supported by the Central Bank of Brazil. This financing assistance is required to provide the working capital to meet the current needs for the construction of the new production facility and additional personnel, distribution costs, and other related expenses.

Pro Forma Cash Flow | |||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |
Cash Received | |||
Cash from Operations | |||
Cash Sales | $26,260,416 | $33,021,600 | $46,126,400 |
Subtotal Cash from Operations | $26,260,416 | $33,021,600 | $46,126,400 |
Additional Cash Received | |||
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received | $0 | $0 | $0 |
New Current Borrowing | $0 | $0 | $0 |
New Other Liabilities (interest-free) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
New Long-term Liabilities | $2,700,000 | $0 | $0 |
Sales of Other Current Assets | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Sales of Long-term Assets | $0 | $0 | $0 |
New Investment Received | $0 | $650,000 | $650,000 |
Subtotal Cash Received | $28,960,416 | $33,671,600 | $46,776,400 |
Expenditures | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
Expenditures from Operations | |||
Cash Spending | $645,288 | $575,262 | $641,810 |
Bill Payments | $23,678,478 | $29,770,693 | $41,735,934 |
Subtotal Spent on Operations | $24,323,766 | $30,345,955 | $42,377,744 |
Additional Cash Spent | |||
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing | $57,996 | $0 | $0 |
Other Liabilities Principal Repayment | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment | $305,250 | $294,636 | $0 |
Purchase Other Current Assets | $60,000 | $75,000 | $85,000 |
Purchase Long-term Assets | $2,700,000 | $0 | $0 |
Dividends | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Subtotal Cash Spent | $27,447,012 | $30,715,591 | $42,462,744 |
Net Cash Flow | $1,513,404 | $2,956,009 | $4,313,656 |
Cash Balance | $2,507,664 | $5,463,673 | $9,777,329 |
7.6 Projected Balance Sheet
As shown in the balance sheet in the following table, our net will grow quickly by the end of 1999 and to continue steadily through the end of the plan period. The monthly projections are in the appendix.
Pro Forma Balance Sheet | |||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |
Assets | |||
Current Assets | |||
Cash | $2,507,664 | $5,463,673 | $9,777,329 |
Inventory | $1,958,880 | $2,463,262 | $3,440,747 |
Other Current Assets | $303,936 | $378,936 | $463,936 |
Total Current Assets | $4,770,480 | $8,305,872 | $13,682,013 |
Long-term Assets | |||
Long-term Assets | $3,221,650 | $3,221,650 | $3,221,650 |
Accumulated Depreciation | $316,000 | $532,000 | $748,000 |
Total Long-term Assets | $2,905,650 | $2,689,650 | $2,473,650 |
Total Assets | $7,676,130 | $10,995,522 | $16,155,663 |
Liabilities and Capital | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
Current Liabilities | |||
Accounts Payable | $1,786,801 | $2,506,020 | $3,513,127 |
Current Borrowing | $4 | $4 | $4 |
Other Current Liabilities | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Subtotal Current Liabilities | $1,786,805 | $2,506,024 | $3,513,131 |
Long-term Liabilities | $2,796,750 | $2,502,114 | $2,502,114 |
Total Liabilities | $4,583,555 | $5,008,138 | $6,015,245 |
Paid-in Capital | $525,000 | $1,175,000 | $1,825,000 |
Retained Earnings | $1,021,611 | $2,567,575 | $4,812,383 |
Earnings | $1,545,964 | $2,244,809 | $3,503,035 |
Total Capital | $3,092,575 | $5,987,383 | $10,140,418 |
Total Liabilities and Capital | $7,676,130 | $10,995,522 | $16,155,663 |
Net Worth | $3,092,575 | $5,987,383 | $10,140,418 |
7.7 Business Ratios
Standard business ratios are included in the following table. The ratios show an aggressive plan for growth in order to reach maximum production within three years. Return on investment increases each year as we bring the new facility to maximum capacity and production. Return on sales and assets remain strong and cost of goods decreases based upon efficiency projections. Projections are based on the 1997/98 selling price. Industry Profile is based on NAICS code 311920, Coffee and Tea Manufacturing.
Ratio Analysis | ||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | Industry Profile | |
Sales Growth | 43.14% | 25.75% | 39.69% | 5.50% |
Percent of Total Assets | ||||
Inventory | 25.52% | 22.40% | 21.30% | 12.43% |
Other Current Assets | 3.96% | 3.45% | 2.87% | 27.50% |
Total Current Assets | 62.15% | 75.54% | 84.69% | 60.13% |
Long-term Assets | 37.85% | 24.46% | 15.31% | 39.87% |
Total Assets | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Current Liabilities | 23.28% | 22.79% | 21.75% | 8.46% |
Long-term Liabilities | 36.43% | 22.76% | 15.49% | 16.54% |
Total Liabilities | 59.71% | 45.55% | 37.23% | 25.00% |
Net Worth | 40.29% | 54.45% | 62.77% | 75.00% |
Percent of Sales | ||||
Sales | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Gross Margin | 16.82% | 17.10% | 17.50% | 23.32% |
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses | 10.94% | 10.31% | 9.91% | 9.39% |
Advertising Expenses | 0.55% | 0.50% | 0.36% | 2.06% |
Profit Before Interest and Taxes | 12.13% | 13.55% | 14.82% | 4.36% |
Main Ratios | ||||
Current | 2.67 | 3.31 | 3.89 | 5.32 |
Quick | 1.57 | 2.33 | 2.92 | 3.45 |
Total Debt to Total Assets | 59.71% | 45.55% | 37.23% | 27.13% |
Pre-tax Return on Net Worth | 94.32% | 70.74% | 65.18% | 12.79% |
Pre-tax Return on Assets | 38.00% | 38.52% | 40.91% | 17.55% |
Additional Ratios | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |
Net Profit Margin | 5.89% | 6.80% | 7.59% | n.a |
Return on Equity | 49.99% | 37.49% | 34.55% | n.a |
Activity Ratios | ||||
Inventory Turnover | 10.91 | 12.08 | 12.64 | n.a |
Accounts Payable Turnover | 14.25 | 12.17 | 12.17 | n.a |
Payment Days | 27 | 26 | 26 | n.a |
Total Asset Turnover | 3.42 | 3.00 | 2.86 | n.a |
Debt Ratios | ||||
Debt to Net Worth | 1.48 | 0.84 | 0.59 | n.a |
Current Liab. to Liab. | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.58 | n.a |
Liquidity Ratios | ||||
Net Working Capital | $2,983,675 | $5,799,847 | $10,168,882 | n.a |
Interest Coverage | 11.84 | 18.76 | 30.35 | n.a |
Additional Ratios | ||||
Assets to Sales | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.35 | n.a |
Current Debt/Total Assets | 23% | 23% | 22% | n.a |
Acid Test | 1.57 | 2.33 | 2.92 | n.a |
Sales/Net Worth | 8.49 | 5.52 | 4.55 | n.a |
Dividend Payout | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | n.a |