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Entertainment icon Bowling Center Business Plan

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Bowl Weevil

Executive Summary

Bowling is an entertainment industry in Anytown with a customer base that has diminished over the past few decades. Today’s senior citizens were once yesterday’s avid bowlers. As the Baby-Boomers questioned the actions of their elders, they also turned away from bowling. Eventually, without innovation, bowling lost popularity as America’s favorite athletic events.

However, Anytown needs no replacement for the athletic and social event bowling once offered, it simply needs innovation! Sally Strike, the owner and manager of Bowl Weevil, understands the trend of revitalization in the bowling cultures from her youthful participation in bowling and through her work in the Professional Bowling Association. Sally has experience as a bowler in the local community and as a marketing and business analyst for the Professional Bowling Association. Sally will also be able to access her contacts within the Professional Bowling and Skating Associations to stimulate touring tournaments and competitions.

Sally has done the research necessary to plan and implement designs for a new bowling alley in the historic Miller building, downtown. Bowl Weevil will  take advantage of the building’s nostalgic feel to create a truly unique atmosphere, attracting after-school kids looking for entertainment and a snack, families with young children seeking inexpensive entertainment, seniors looking for fun activities, and local bowlers seeking league competition in their own neighborhoods. We will offer family and group rates and theme nights with live music.

Sally is committing $60,000 of her own money to the project, and is requesting a seven-year loan of $163,900 to complete start-up funding for this new venture. The loan will be secured with the owner’s home equity. Based on our market research here in Anytown, we conservatively project sales over $500,000 in year one, with a strong net profit in year three, with a staff of nine.

1.1 Mission

The mission of Bowl Weevil is to provide the highest form of entertainment in the Anytown community. We offer the best bowling and overall entertainment for the entire family!

1.2 Objectives

  1. Sales of $523,000 in year one and $608,000 by year three.
  2. Gross margin higher than 65%.
  3. Net income more than 2.7% of sales by the third year.

1.3 Keys to Success

  1. Excellence in entertainment.
  2. Developing a community of regulars.
  3. Group rates.
  4. A good value for sport lessons and entertainment.

Bowling center business plan, executive summary chart image

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Company Summary

Bowl Weevil is a classic bowling alley owned by Sally Strike. Bowl Weevil specializes in league bowling and parties – a fun filled environment for the entire family. Bowl Weevil will be located in the old Miller building, where the vintage 1920’s charm will help to create an ambience of nostalgic fun.

2.1 Company Ownership

Bowl Weevil is a C Corporation owned by Sally Strike. It is incorporated in the state of Kentucky, and operates in King County.

2.2 Start-up Summary

Bowl Weevil’s start-up costs will include all equipment needed for the bowling alley, the restaurant, inventory and daily bank to cover the total winnings of all pull-tabs.

The bowling alley lanes and restaurant equipment will be the largest chunk of the start-up expenses. These long-term assets include 16 hardwood bowling lanes, 180 pins, 8 electronic scoring terminals, a commercial range and oven, a walk-in refrigerator, video games, pull tab equipment, a sink and dishwasher.

Start-up expenses will include rent during renovation (one month’s deposit and three month’s rent), construction costs of the renovation, and advertising. During the start-up period, we will use both television ads and fliers. We will also place an ad in the Yellow Pages, but this will not be available to potential clients until June, when the new phone book is delivered.

Bowling center business plan, company summary chart image

Start-up
Requirements
Start-up Expenses
Legal Costs $500
Consulting $500
Construction $20,000
Advertising $3,000
Rent during renovation $40,000
Total Start-up Expenses $64,000
Start-up Assets
Cash Required $40,000
Start-up Inventory $7,000
Other Current Assets $35,000
Long-term Assets $77,900
Total Assets $159,900
Total Requirements $223,900
Start-up Funding
Start-up Expenses to Fund $64,000
Start-up Assets to Fund $159,900
Total Funding Required $223,900
Assets
Non-cash Assets from Start-up $119,900
Cash Requirements from Start-up $40,000
Additional Cash Raised $0
Cash Balance on Starting Date $40,000
Total Assets $159,900
Liabilities and Capital
Liabilities
Current Borrowing $0
Long-term Liabilities $163,900
Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) $0
Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) $0
Total Liabilities $163,900
Capital
Planned Investment
Owner $60,000
Investor $0
Additional Investment Requirement $0
Total Planned Investment $60,000
Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) ($64,000)
Total Capital ($4,000)
Total Capital and Liabilities $159,900
Total Funding $223,900

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Products and Services

Bowl Weevil will be open Wednesday through Sunday, from 12 noon-11pm.

General Bowling
Customers can rent shoes and buy games. We will keep a full selection of adult and children’s shoes in stock, in a variety of styles – getting your shoes should feel like dressing up, not slumming it. We will offer prizes for the high scorers in each 2-hour period, and children under 12 get a prize for hitting more than 8 pins. Bowl Weevil will also introduce the bowling league experience to youths through its Saturday morning teen leagues. Families can pay a family rate to cover parents and up to 5 children.

Bowling for leagues, with league fees
We will sponsor local leagues, and our league manager will coordinate the league bowling nights. Several local groups currently travel 10 miles to go bowling and to find other teams with whom to compete. They have all expressed an interest in a closer locale that would give them special services. We are currently working with some of these groups to brainstorm league-building activities.

Food and drinks
Our kitchen will be open from 3pm to 10pm, offering retro diner foods like hamburgs and milkshakes, as well as healthier options, from pasta to eggplant parmesan. Our town has a significant vegetarian populace, and we want them to be able to enjoy bowling and snacking as much as any other customer. Starting at 5pm, we will also have a bartender to serve beer and wine and to make a limited selection of mixed drinks. Our combination nostalgic/upscale/modern menu will help make Bowl Weevil a destination spot, and our experienced chef has a number of ideas for seasonal specials using local ingredients.

Videogames
We will also have a rotating stock of Arcade games. We will keep track of which kinds of games (1st person shooters, driving games, strategy games) seem to be the most popular, and adjust our offerings to maximize revenue. These games will be another way for families to entertain all their children, while some family members bowl.

Pull-tabs
Pull-tabs are two-ply laminated paper tickets that contain perforated windows which conceal various game symbols, numbers, etc.  These tickets have either three (3) or five (5) windows and various game themes.  They are sold only at establishments that hold a Class C liquor license and are licensed by the state lottery to sell pull-tab tickets (we have such a license).

The front of each pull-tab ticket contains the name of the game, the cost of a ticket, the winning symbol combinations, the prize values, and the overall odds of winning a prize.  The back of the ticket contains the perforated windows that open to reveal the game symbols.  Under each window are winning and losing symbols. The overall odds of winning a prize on a pull-tab ticket are approximately 1 in 6.

Parties and Special Events
Bowl Weevil will be available for birthday parties and special events. On the first Friday of every month, we will have a DJ or live band and a theme night aimed at local teens. We will also offer group rates and special events for local churches, community organizations, and companies.

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Market Analysis Summary

Bowling has declined as the family activity of choice over the last 30 years. While the image of bowling has changed during this decline, the sport itself still offers good exercise, fun competition, and a game of skill. If the image and experience of bowling can be updated with a more attractive look and feel, there is no reason it could not rebound. 

Bowling is a family activity, and one that people can continue well into their old age. It is a game of skill, which allows players to better their scores with practice, and it can be a team sport. Bowling alleys get their clients from the local area, usually within a 10 mile radius; they are therefore more subject to local trends and events than are bigger entertainment producers, like movies or theme parks. However, this also means that bowling alleys can be more integral to their community, and more involved in community-building, which generates customer loyalty.

In some local families, the appeal of bowling is self-evident – it is a family activity they have always done together, enjoyed, and will continue playing all of their lives. For some, bowling is completely foreign – they have heard of it, but never done it. And for some younger people, bowling is an “old folks” thing, like bell bottomed jeans –  they may occasionally indulge in it, and have a good time, but with the same sense of irony and self-mockery that infuses today’s fashion trends.

Bowl Weevil customers can be divided into four groups: bowling leaguers, families with young children, youths and seniors.

  1. Bowling Leaguers. New customers are likely to be introduced to Bowl Weevil by friends or through a community organization which decides to sponsor a team.
  2. Families with young children. This group is seeking inexpensive fun for the whole family, where age and experience (or lack thereof) are not hurdles to enjoying the outing. Bowling in a safe, clean, family-friendly environment will be infinitely preferable for these families to sitting through yet another Winnie-the-Pooh video or going to an unkempt local park.
  3. Youths. This segment will be interested in finding a fun place where they can spend time outside of the house with people their age. We are located only four blocks from the local high school, and our kitchen will open at 3pm, to offer these growing kids satisfying after-school snacks in a safe, supervised activity of which their parents will approve.
  4. Seniors. These clients are on limited income and will come to Bowl Weevil for the prices. Senior discounts will play a large role in our marketing to seniors.

4.1 Market Segmentation

The following table and chart show our market analysis. We have included analysis for each of the four market segments we will target: bowling leaguers, families with children, youths, and seniors.

Bowling leaguers
There are currently 3,000 local residents who have participated in some form of league bowling in the last five years (Anytown newspaper, November, 2004). The 25% growth rate is projected based on the expressed interest of local league bowlers, their claims that their friends would join the league if they didn’t have to travel so far for games, and our aggressive planned marketing campaigns.

Families with young children
There are currently around 6,000 families in Anytown with children under 12; that population is expected to grow at a 5% rate for the next ten years (U.S. Census, 2000). Altogether, these families include roughly 24,000 people, but our special family rates make it more reasonable for us to treat them here as individual family units, rather than independent residents.

Youths
We define youths as customers between the ages of 13 and 20, old enough to have some spending money and to bowl without parental supervision, but not old enough to be admitted to the bar section. This target market segment is growing at the same rate as young families, at 5% per year.

Seniors
We define this group as sixty-two years or older. This group is currently growing faster than the general population, at 6% per year, and their concerns and interests are already modifying what entertainment and education is offered in Anytown. They will contribute a consistent customer base to the the bowling league, as well as coming in on their own to practice.

Bowling center business plan, market analysis summary chart image

Market Analysis
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Potential Customers Growth CAGR
Bowling Leaguers 25% 3,000 3,750 4,688 5,860 7,325 25.00%
Families with young children 5% 6,000 6,300 6,615 6,946 7,293 5.00%
Youths 5% 10,000 10,500 11,025 11,576 12,155 5.00%
Seniors 6% 13,000 13,780 14,607 15,483 16,412 6.00%
Total 7.78% 32,000 34,330 36,935 39,865 43,185 7.78%

4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy

We will not be successful waiting for the customer to come to us. Instead, we must focus on the specific market segments whose needs match our offerings. Focusing on targeted segments is the key to our future.

Bowling Leaguers:

  1. Bowling leagues develop a core group of customers. These customers will begin to identify their social and athletic events with Bowl Weevil bowling. Once one group of friends begins congregating together at Bowl Weevil Bowling  for league events, they will bring other friends to join them for other occasions.
  2. Bowling packaged with flavor is Sally’s area of expertise. Bowl Weevil bowling will cater to everyone’s desire for fame, fitness and fortune. Beginning with a nine game bowling league tournament will give participants the flavor of athletic competition and will give the winners a little extra spending cash and fame. Those feelings will stimulate more interest, and more interest will support more tournaments, which will in turn stimulate more reward. The tournaments will culminate in a Bowling for Dollars televised tournament by the end of year two.

Youths:

  1. Bowling alleys and skating rinks are one of few places that under age customers can go to congregate and find entertainment.
  2. Catering to youths and teaching them to bowl or skate now will develop a future customer base for years to come.

Seniors:

Bowl Weevil will cater to senior citizens because they are consistent customers. Once they find an affordable, comfortable place, seniors will come back for more. Seniors also tend to congregate together. Therefore, accommodating a small core group will lead to potentially exponential growth as the Baby-Boomers become a majority of the population and they introduce each other to Bowl Weevil’s senior citizen discounts. An added value is that senior citizens, shown the importance of their time, may be encouraged to contribute low-cost labor as volunteers for youth and adult bowling league events.

4.3 Service Business Analysis

Bowl Weevil will be competing for the customers’ dollars with other recreation and leisure establishments such as movie theaters, sports venues, theme parks, night clubs, etc.

4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns

The competition for local customers amongst bowling alleys and skating rinks is localized, meaning each urban district can support its own bowling alley or skating rink. Customers will choose the provider they think offers the most comfortable, affordable and convenient location. Due to the decline in the number of bowling alleys and skating rinks, many districts are without bowling or skating facilities. Anytown did not have a combination bowling alley, ice skating and roller skating facility.  Bowl Weevil located in Anytown, will enjoy the advantage of having no local competition in a densely populated, mixed-age area with good public transportation making it conveniently accessible for locals.

Bowlers and skaters will contribute to the success and reputation of Bowl Weevil as they consistently choose Bowl Weevil for their social events and athletic activities.

Seniors will provide a consistent customer base.

Youths will come for the group lessons, public sessions, competitions, birthday parties, group parties, hocky and the Saturday morning teenager bowling leagues and they will bring their parents with them.

The competition for tournaments city-wide and nationally depends on the bowling alley and ice skating rink’s reputation and the reputation of the skaters and bowlers. Sally has the advantage of working with the Professional Bowling Association as well as the Professional Ice Skating Association, and playing in local bowling championship tournaments for many years.

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Strategy and Implementation Summary

Customer service is paramount in the bowling business. The starting point to accomplish this is to have a trained and motivated staff that enjoys working directly with the public. It is always easier to please your customers when the facility is spotless and all of the equipment is in proper working order. The center will establish community involvement to demonstrate how the business will contribute to a better quality of life. Community projects using the bowling center’s facilities will be developed to help civic groups obtain their financial goals. School, church, and other groups will be welcomed for tours of the bowling center.

5.1 Competitive Edge

Experience and Reputation:

  1. Sally has experience as a bowler in the local community and as a marketing and business analyst for the Professional Bowling Association. Sally’s experience will give her the ability to contact local and national bowlers for recruiting leaguers.  Sally also has contacts within the National Ice Skating Association and Roller Skating organizations organizing competitions throughout the Region.
  2. Bowl Weevil will have the reputation of being the most affordable, comfortable and convenient place of entertainment in town for the entire family.

5.2 Marketing Strategy

Marketing in a bowling business depends on reputation for quality bowling facilities and entertainment. It starts with Sally’s known contacts in the bowling and ice and roller industries, and continues with long-term efforts to develop reputation in local communities.

Bowl Weevil will develop and maintain a database of people in the bowling leagues. The database starts with the contacts we bring in with our first nine game bowling league tournament. From there we will add inquiries and participants, and bowling league newsletters. Bowl Weevil will use the database to make regular contact with mailings for additional bowling league tournaments, possibly group studies and market research reports.

We will recruit a core league of bowlers from the local and Professional Bowling Association contacts for the first nine game bowling league tournament. After the first tournament, the core league of bowlers will be cultivated for future participants and league organizers.

5.3 Sales Strategy

Bowl Weevil wants to attract local bowlers of all ages. This will require advertising on local radio shows and cable networks as well as reaching out to schools, churches, businesses, organizations and clubs.

The most important factor for closing sales in our case is getting them in the door. Once our customers come in the door they will be personally greeted by Sally Strike and made to feel comfortable so that they keep coming back.

The league manager will be hired part-time to contact local work places, clubs, and bowlers to participate in the nine-game league tournament. Participants in the tournament will be rewarded with trophies for the first three teams and the champion will receive a cash prize equal to half of all the entry fees. The Marketing Coordinator will maintain a database of contact information and sales data about regular bowling leaguers to optimize services to our target customers during league hours. Reduced prices will be offered to senior citizens on a daily basis between certain low-volume hours and on certain food and drink items all day long. Advertisements to teenagers will be placed in local college and weekly papers, highlighting their favorite video games, their favorite tunes on the jukebox, and the Saturday morning teenager tournaments.

The manager will go out in the field calling on churches, schools, clubs, organizations, scouts to sell group outings/lessons.  Private party times will be sold for each area as well.

5.3.1 Sales Forecast

The start-up period will be spent setting up the bowling alley, the gaming room, the restaurant and lounge. This will include building the bowling lanes setting up the pins and connecting the scoring terminals. During this time, the manager will recruit bowling leaguers for his first nine game bowling league tournament and begin advertising in local papers for the opening and senior discounts.

In April, Bowl Weevil Bowling Lanes will open for business. We project an increase in business in June, when school lets out, and families need entertainment for their children during daytime hours. We will start league games in July.

The table and charts below show detailed projections of sales and cost of sales for each category. Detailed monthly projections for the first year can be found in the Appendix. Cost of sales for bowling is a projection of direct wear and tear on equipment which will need replacing, cleaning, or repair. Costs for food and liquor are costs of ingredients. There are no anticipated direct costs from the video games.

Bowling center business plan, strategy and implementation summary chart image

Bowling center business plan, strategy and implementation summary chart image

Sales Forecast
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Sales
Families with children $31,300 $32,000 $33,000
Senior Citizens $24,000 $27,000 $29,000
Youths $18,575 $21,000 $22,000
Leaguers $44,000 $50,000 $52,000
Food $172,750 $192,000 $211,328
Video Games $24,850 $28,875 $32,094
Pull Tabs $138,500 $140,625 $145,000
Liquor $69,100 $76,800 $84,531
Total Sales $523,075 $568,300 $608,953
Direct Cost of Sales Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Families with children $5,165 $5,280 $5,445
Senior Citizens $3,528 $3,969 $4,263
Youths $3,065 $3,465 $3,630
Leaguers $7,260 $8,250 $8,580
Food $114,879 $124,800 $137,363
Video Games $0 $0 $0
Pull Tabs $4,432 $4,500 $4,640
Liquor $13,820 $15,360 $16,906
Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $152,148 $165,624 $180,828

5.4 Milestones

The accompanying table lists important program milestones, with dates and managers in charge, and budgets for each. The milestone schedule indicates our emphasis on planning for implementation.

What the table doesn’t show is the commitment behind it. Our business plan includes complete provisions for plan-vs.-actual analysis, and we will hold monthly follow-up meetings to discuss the variance and course corrections.

Milestones
Milestone Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department
Business Plan Completion 1/1/2005 2/1/2005 $0 President Judi Executive
Group Sales 1/1/2005 4/1/2005 $400 President Judi Marketing
Completion of First Marketing Campaign 1/1/2005 4/1/2005 $500 Marketing Coordinator Marketing
Completion of First Nine Game League 4/1/2005 6/15/2005 $200 President Judi Marketing
Profitability 1/1/2005 1/1/2006 $0 President Judi Accounting
Totals $1,100

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Management Summary

Bowl Weevil is a C Corporation founded and run by Sally Strike. Sally Strike graduated from the University of Anytown with degrees in both Business and Communications. Through the University of Anytown ice skating club Sally gained local notoriety as a champion bowler. Since graduation, Sally joined the Professional Bowling Association and worked as its treasurer for three years. While working for the Professional Bowling Association, Sally developed budgets and marketing campaigns.

One of Sally Strike’s strengths was her ability to draw crowds. Another strength was Sally’s talent for increasing local participation. Sally spent a fair amount of time with bowlers nationwide. After three years however, Sally was feeling spread too thin and wanted to center herself. Sally decided to retire from the Professional Bowling Association and start her own bowling center. 

6.1 Personnel Plan

Initially, the staff will consist of the Owner/Manager working full-time. In addition to the owner, a full-time bartender, a full-time kitchen manager, a full-time cashier, a part-time lane maintenance specialist, and a part-time league manager will join her for the opening of the bowling alley, restaurant and lounge.

Personnel Plan
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Manager $36,000 $36,000 $36,000
Assistant Manager $0 $30,000 $32,000
Chef $33,000 $33,500 $34,000
Sous Chef $30,000 $30,000 $30,500
Bus boy/Dishwasher $24,000 $24,000 $24,000
Lane Maintenance $7,680 $7,680 $7,680
League Manager $7,680 $8,000 $8,500
Cashier/Front Desk $30,000 $30,000 $30,500
Bartender $13,440 $13,440 $13,440
Total People 8 9 9
Total Payroll $181,800 $212,620 $216,620

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Financial Plan

Bowl Weevil’s financial plan is conservative. With sufficient start-up funding, we will be able to not only complete renovations on time for opening, but hire enough staff to provide a full-service, fun, safe, and clean environment for our bowlers. Although we are asking for a very large loan, we should be easily able to repay it within seven years, even after hiring an additional manager in year two.

The first two years will be the slimmest, as we establish our reputation among our target groups and build market share. However, our sales forecasts are based on sound research, and are conservative. We will focus on aggressive marketing and limiting expenses during these early years to achieve our long-term goals.

7.1 Important Assumptions

The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table as annual assumptions. The monthly assumptions are included in the appendix. Bowling league participation rates are based on conservative assumptions.

Two of the more important underlying assumptions are:

  1. We assume youths, seniors, and adult bowlers will congregate together at Bowl Weevil Bowling Lanes given separate environments to listen to their own preferences in music.
  2. We assume that there are no unforeseen changes in the local bowling community to increase competition in Anytown.
General Assumptions
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Plan Month 1 2 3
Current Interest Rate 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Long-term Interest Rate 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Tax Rate 30.00% 30.00% 30.00%
Other 0 0 0

7.2 Break-even Analysis

The following chart and table summarize our break-even analysis.

Bowling center business plan, financial plan chart image

Break-even Analysis
Monthly Revenue Break-even $37,928
Assumptions:
Average Percent Variable Cost 29%
Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $26,896

7.3 Projected Profit and Loss

The following table indicates the projected profit and loss. We plan to take a hit in net profit in the second year in order to hire an assistant manager, and to increase personnel payments for our employees. This additional hiring and the raises are subject to cash flow meeting projections.

Bowling center business plan, financial plan chart image

Bowling center business plan, financial plan chart image

Bowling center business plan, financial plan chart image

Bowling center business plan, financial plan chart image

Pro Forma Profit and Loss
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Sales $523,075 $568,300 $608,953
Direct Cost of Sales $152,148 $165,624 $180,828
Other $0 $0 $0
Total Cost of Sales $152,148 $165,624 $180,828
Gross Margin $370,927 $402,676 $428,126
Gross Margin % 70.91% 70.86% 70.31%
Expenses
Payroll $181,800 $212,620 $216,620
Marketing/Promotion $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Depreciation $7,788 $7,788 $7,788
Rent $110,000 $112,000 $112,000
Utilities $3,360 $3,600 $3,900
Insurance $2,400 $2,500 $2,600
Payroll Taxes $0 $0 $0
Shoe Repair and maintenance $2,400 $2,500 $2,500
Pull Tabs $6,000 $6,000 $6,000
Video Game Rentals $6,000 $6,000 $6,000
Total Operating Expenses $322,748 $356,008 $360,408
Profit Before Interest and Taxes $48,179 $46,668 $67,718
EBITDA $55,967 $54,456 $75,506
Interest Expense $15,123 $12,850 $10,450
Taxes Incurred $9,917 $10,145 $17,180
Net Profit $23,140 $23,673 $40,087
Net Profit/Sales 4.42% 4.17% 6.58%

7.4 Projections

7.5 Projected Cash Flow

Our business is a retail-oriented business with clients who will pay primarily with cash and credit cards. Our cash flow is shown below, including repayment of the requested loan. Hiring a second manager will make an impact on cash flow in the second year, but we anticipate greater sales and efficiency to make up this difference by year three.

Bowling center business plan, financial plan chart image

Pro Forma Cash Flow
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Cash Received
Cash from Operations
Cash Sales $523,075 $568,300 $608,953
Subtotal Cash from Operations $523,075 $568,300 $608,953
Additional Cash Received
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received $0 $0 $0
New Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0
New Other Liabilities (interest-free) $0 $0 $0
New Long-term Liabilities $0 $0 $0
Sales of Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0
Sales of Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0
New Investment Received $0 $0 $0
Subtotal Cash Received $523,075 $568,300 $608,953
Expenditures Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Expenditures from Operations
Cash Spending $181,800 $212,620 $216,620
Bill Payments $292,004 $325,965 $344,355
Subtotal Spent on Operations $473,804 $538,585 $560,975
Additional Cash Spent
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out $0 $0 $0
Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0
Other Liabilities Principal Repayment $0 $0 $0
Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment $23,400 $24,000 $24,000
Purchase Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0
Purchase Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0
Dividends $0 $0 $0
Subtotal Cash Spent $497,204 $562,585 $584,975
Net Cash Flow $25,872 $5,715 $23,978
Cash Balance $65,872 $71,587 $95,565

7.6 Projected Balance Sheet

The balance sheet in the following table shows managed but sufficient growth of net worth, and a sufficiently healthy financial position. The monthly estimates are included in the appendix.

Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Assets
Current Assets
Cash $65,872 $71,587 $95,565
Inventory $15,768 $17,165 $18,740
Other Current Assets $35,000 $35,000 $35,000
Total Current Assets $116,640 $123,751 $149,305
Long-term Assets
Long-term Assets $77,900 $77,900 $77,900
Accumulated Depreciation $7,788 $15,576 $23,364
Total Long-term Assets $70,112 $62,324 $54,536
Total Assets $186,752 $186,075 $203,841
Liabilities and Capital Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable $27,112 $26,763 $28,441
Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0
Other Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0
Subtotal Current Liabilities $27,112 $26,763 $28,441
Long-term Liabilities $140,500 $116,500 $92,500
Total Liabilities $167,612 $143,263 $120,941
Paid-in Capital $60,000 $60,000 $60,000
Retained Earnings ($64,000) ($40,860) ($17,188)
Earnings $23,140 $23,673 $40,087
Total Capital $19,140 $42,812 $82,900
Total Liabilities and Capital $186,752 $186,075 $203,841
Net Worth $19,140 $42,812 $82,900

7.7 Business Ratios

The following table shows the projected businesses ratios, and standard comparison ratios for our industry, Bowling Centers (SIC Code 7933). We expect to maintain healthy ratios for profitability, risk, and return.

Ratio Analysis
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Industry Profile
Sales Growth 0.00% 8.65% 7.15% 0.22%
Percent of Total Assets
Inventory 8.44% 9.22% 9.19% 4.61%
Other Current Assets 18.74% 18.81% 17.17% 35.98%
Total Current Assets 62.46% 66.51% 73.25% 45.58%
Long-term Assets 37.54% 33.49% 26.75% 54.42%
Total Assets 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Current Liabilities 14.52% 14.38% 13.95% 13.21%
Long-term Liabilities 75.23% 62.61% 45.38% 24.12%
Total Liabilities 89.75% 76.99% 59.33% 37.33%
Net Worth 10.25% 23.01% 40.67% 62.67%
Percent of Sales
Sales 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Gross Margin 70.91% 70.86% 70.31% 100.00%
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses 46.09% 47.32% 36.86% 72.94%
Advertising Expenses 1.49% 1.37% 1.28% 3.33%
Profit Before Interest and Taxes 9.21% 8.21% 11.12% 2.79%
Main Ratios
Current 4.30 4.62 5.25 2.20
Quick 3.72 3.98 4.59 1.43
Total Debt to Total Assets 89.75% 76.99% 59.33% 56.31%
Pre-tax Return on Net Worth 172.71% 78.99% 69.08% 2.83%
Pre-tax Return on Assets 17.70% 18.17% 28.09% 6.48%
Additional Ratios Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Net Profit Margin 4.42% 4.17% 6.58% n.a
Return on Equity 120.90% 55.29% 48.36% n.a
Activity Ratios
Inventory Turnover 10.91 10.06 10.07 n.a
Accounts Payable Turnover 11.77 12.17 12.17 n.a
Payment Days 27 30 29 n.a
Total Asset Turnover 2.80 3.05 2.99 n.a
Debt Ratios
Debt to Net Worth 8.76 3.35 1.46 n.a
Current Liab. to Liab. 0.16 0.19 0.24 n.a
Liquidity Ratios
Net Working Capital $89,528 $96,988 $120,864 n.a
Interest Coverage 3.19 3.63 6.48 n.a
Additional Ratios
Assets to Sales 0.36 0.33 0.33 n.a
Current Debt/Total Assets 15% 14% 14% n.a
Acid Test 3.72 3.98 4.59 n.a
Sales/Net Worth 27.33 13.27 7.35 n.a
Dividend Payout 0.00 0.00 0.00 n.a

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Appendix

Sales Forecast
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Sales
Families with children 0% $1,200 $1,200 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $2,800 $2,500 $2,200 $2,800 $2,200 $2,200 $2,200
Senior Citizens 0% $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000
Youths 0% $500 $600 $720 $864 $1,037 $1,244 $1,493 $1,792 $2,150 $2,580 $3,096 $2,500
Leaguers 0% $0 $0 $4,400 $4,400 $4,400 $4,400 $2,200 $2,200 $2,200 $6,600 $6,600 $6,600
Food 0% $12,000 $12,500 $13,000 $14,000 $15,750 $16,000 $14,000 $14,000 $14,000 $15,750 $15,750 $16,000
Video Games 0% $1,000 $1,200 $1,750 $2,800 $2,500 $2,000 $2,000 $2,200 $2,800 $2,400 $2,200 $2,000
Pull Tabs 0% $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 $7,500 $10,000 $12,000 $15,000 $14,000 $12,000 $8,000
Liquor 0% $4,800 $5,000 $5,200 $5,600 $6,300 $6,400 $5,600 $5,600 $5,600 $6,300 $6,300 $6,400
Total Sales $33,500 $34,500 $43,070 $45,664 $47,987 $42,344 $39,793 $41,992 $46,550 $51,830 $50,146 $45,700
Direct Cost of Sales Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Families with children $198 $198 $660 $660 $660 $462 $413 $363 $462 $363 $363 $363
Senior Citizens $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294 $294
Youths $83 $99 $119 $143 $171 $205 $246 $296 $355 $426 $511 $413
Leaguers $0 $0 $726 $726 $726 $726 $363 $363 $363 $1,089 $1,089 $1,089
Food $7,980 $8,313 $8,645 $9,310 $10,474 $10,640 $9,310 $9,310 $9,310 $10,474 $10,474 $10,640
Video Games $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Pull Tabs $384 $384 $384 $384 $384 $240 $320 $384 $480 $448 $384 $256
Liquor $960 $1,000 $1,040 $1,120 $1,260 $1,280 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,260 $1,260 $1,280
Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $9,899 $10,288 $11,868 $12,637 $13,969 $13,847 $12,066 $12,130 $12,384 $14,353 $14,375 $14,335
Personnel Plan
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Manager 0% $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Assistant Manager 0% $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Chef 0% $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750 $2,750
Sous Chef 0% $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500
Bus boy/Dishwasher 0% $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000
Lane Maintenance 0% $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640
League Manager 0% $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640 $640
Cashier/Front Desk 0% $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500
Bartender 0% $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120 $1,120
Total People 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Total Payroll $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150

Pro Forma Profit and Loss
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Sales $33,500 $34,500 $43,070 $45,664 $47,987 $42,344 $39,793 $41,992 $46,550 $51,830 $50,146 $45,700
Direct Cost of Sales $9,899 $10,288 $11,868 $12,637 $13,969 $13,847 $12,066 $12,130 $12,384 $14,353 $14,375 $14,335
Other $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Total Cost of Sales $9,899 $10,288 $11,868 $12,637 $13,969 $13,847 $12,066 $12,130 $12,384 $14,353 $14,375 $14,335
Gross Margin $23,602 $24,213 $31,202 $33,027 $34,018 $28,497 $27,727 $29,862 $34,166 $37,476 $35,771 $31,366
Gross Margin % 70.45% 70.18% 72.45% 72.33% 70.89% 67.30% 69.68% 71.11% 73.40% 72.31% 71.33% 68.63%
Expenses
Payroll $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150
Marketing/Promotion $1,500 $137 $137 $137 $137 $137 $137 $137 $137 $137 $137 $130
Depreciation $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649 $649
Rent $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $0 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000
Utilities $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280 $280
Insurance $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200
Payroll Taxes 15% $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Shoe Repair and maintenance 0% $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200
Pull Tabs 15% $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500
Video Game Rentals $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500
Total Operating Expenses $28,979 $27,616 $27,616 $17,616 $27,616 $27,616 $27,616 $27,616 $27,616 $27,616 $27,616 $27,609
Profit Before Interest and Taxes ($5,378) ($3,404) $3,586 $15,411 $6,402 $881 $111 $2,246 $6,550 $9,860 $8,155 $3,757
EBITDA ($4,729) ($2,755) $4,235 $16,060 $7,051 $1,530 $760 $2,895 $7,199 $10,509 $8,804 $4,406
Interest Expense $1,350 $1,333 $1,317 $1,301 $1,285 $1,268 $1,252 $1,236 $1,220 $1,203 $1,187 $1,171
Taxes Incurred ($2,018) ($1,421) $681 $4,233 $1,535 ($116) ($342) $303 $1,599 $2,597 $2,090 $776
Net Profit ($4,709) ($3,316) $1,588 $9,877 $3,582 ($271) ($799) $707 $3,731 $6,060 $4,878 $1,810
Net Profit/Sales -14.06% -9.61% 3.69% 21.63% 7.46% -0.64% -2.01% 1.68% 8.02% 11.69% 9.73% 3.96%

Pro Forma Cash Flow
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Cash Received
Cash from Operations
Cash Sales $33,500 $34,500 $43,070 $45,664 $47,987 $42,344 $39,793 $41,992 $46,550 $51,830 $50,146 $45,700
Subtotal Cash from Operations $33,500 $34,500 $43,070 $45,664 $47,987 $42,344 $39,793 $41,992 $46,550 $51,830 $50,146 $45,700
Additional Cash Received
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received 0.00% $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
New Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
New Other Liabilities (interest-free) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
New Long-term Liabilities $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Sales of Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Sales of Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
New Investment Received $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Subtotal Cash Received $33,500 $34,500 $43,070 $45,664 $47,987 $42,344 $39,793 $41,992 $46,550 $51,830 $50,146 $45,700
Expenditures Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Expenditures from Operations
Cash Spending $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150 $15,150
Bill Payments $877 $26,170 $22,611 $27,201 $21,141 $29,958 $26,554 $22,924 $25,614 $27,460 $32,049 $29,444
Subtotal Spent on Operations $16,027 $41,320 $37,761 $42,351 $36,291 $45,108 $41,704 $38,074 $40,764 $42,610 $47,199 $44,594
Additional Cash Spent
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Other Liabilities Principal Repayment $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950 $1,950
Purchase Other Current Assets $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Purchase Long-term Assets $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Dividends $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Subtotal Cash Spent $17,977 $43,270 $39,711 $44,301 $38,241 $47,058 $43,654 $40,024 $42,714 $44,560 $49,149 $46,544
Net Cash Flow $15,523 ($8,770) $3,359 $1,363 $9,746 ($4,714) ($3,861) $1,968 $3,836 $7,270 $996 ($844)
Cash Balance $55,523 $46,754 $50,113 $51,476 $61,221 $56,507 $52,646 $54,614 $58,450 $65,719 $66,716 $65,872

Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Assets Starting Balances
Current Assets
Cash $40,000 $55,523 $46,754 $50,113 $51,476 $61,221 $56,507 $52,646 $54,614 $58,450 $65,719 $66,716 $65,872
Inventory $7,000 $10,888 $11,316 $13,055 $13,900 $15,366 $15,232 $13,272 $13,343 $13,622 $15,789 $15,812 $15,768
Other Current Assets $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000
Total Current Assets $82,000 $101,412 $93,070 $98,168 $100,376 $111,587 $106,739 $100,918 $102,956 $107,072 $116,508 $117,528 $116,640
Long-term Assets
Long-term Assets $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900 $77,900
Accumulated Depreciation $0 $649 $1,298 $1,947 $2,596 $3,245 $3,894 $4,543 $5,192 $5,841 $6,490 $7,139 $7,788
Total Long-term Assets $77,900 $77,251 $76,602 $75,953 $75,304 $74,655 $74,006 $73,357 $72,708 $72,059 $71,410 $70,761 $70,112
Total Assets $159,900 $178,663 $169,672 $174,121 $175,680 $186,242 $180,745 $174,275 $175,664 $179,131 $187,918 $188,289 $186,752
Liabilities and Capital Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable $0 $25,422 $21,697 $26,507 $20,139 $29,069 $25,793 $22,072 $24,704 $26,389 $31,066 $28,509 $27,112
Current Borrowing $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Other Current Liabilities $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Subtotal Current Liabilities $0 $25,422 $21,697 $26,507 $20,139 $29,069 $25,793 $22,072 $24,704 $26,389 $31,066 $28,509 $27,112
Long-term Liabilities $163,900 $161,950 $160,000 $158,050 $156,100 $154,150 $152,200 $150,250 $148,300 $146,350 $144,400 $142,450 $140,500
Total Liabilities $163,900 $187,372 $181,697 $184,557 $176,239 $183,219 $177,993 $172,322 $173,004 $172,739 $175,466 $170,959 $167,612
Paid-in Capital $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000
Retained Earnings ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000) ($64,000)
Earnings $0 ($4,709) ($8,025) ($6,436) $3,441 $7,023 $6,752 $5,953 $6,660 $10,392 $16,452 $21,330 $23,140
Total Capital ($4,000) ($8,709) ($12,025) ($10,436) ($559) $3,023 $2,752 $1,953 $2,660 $6,392 $12,452 $17,330 $19,140
Total Liabilities and Capital $159,900 $178,663 $169,672 $174,121 $175,680 $186,242 $180,745 $174,275 $175,664 $179,131 $187,918 $188,289 $186,752
Net Worth ($4,000) ($8,709) ($12,025) ($10,436) ($559) $3,023 $2,752 $1,953 $2,660 $6,392 $12,452 $17,330 $19,140

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