Hart Fraeme Gallery
Financial Plan
Hart Fraeme Gallery will secure a short-term loan to purchase essential equipment and inventory. By opening for business at the start of the industry’s busy season, the company expects to operate for several months with a positive cash influx. This will make it possible for Hart Fraeme Gallery to meet its financial obligations for the remainder of the year.
The company also expects to be able to increase consumer awareness and its customer base to maintain a healthy level of growth over the next several years. This will be made possible through advertising, as well as through word-of-mouth recommendations by exceeding industry standards and customer expectations for order completion time.
Finally, Hart Fraeme Gallery will minimize costs by using its small business, personal nature to build and maintain an enthusiastic, dependable, and flexible workforce.
8.1 Projections
8.2 Start-up Funding
At this time, Mr. Fraeme has purchased and framed several pieces of artwork, and will provide many of the necessary tools and peripherial equipment for framing, as well as a vehicle to transport equipment and materials. He will also be providing office and break room furnishings, including a computer, tables, desks, chairs, filing cabinets and a refrigerator. In addition to these assets Mr. Fraeme will invest personal savings.
The computerized mat cutter, which represents roughly two-thirds of equipment costs, will be paid for in installments over a period of 48 months via a lease-to-own program, available through the manufacturer.
The initial inventory and materials will be purchased on Net-30 terms, with a possible financing option.
Financing will need to be secured for these and remaining expenses.
| Start-up Funding | |
| Start-up Expenses to Fund | $19,500 |
| Start-up Assets to Fund | $80,500 |
| Total Funding Required | $100,000 |
| Assets | |
| Non-cash Assets from Start-up | $65,500 |
| Cash Requirements from Start-up | $15,000 |
| Additional Cash Raised | $5,000 |
| Cash Balance on Starting Date | $20,000 |
| Total Assets | $85,500 |
| Liabilities and Capital | |
| Liabilities | |
| Current Borrowing | $85,000 |
| Long-term Liabilities | $0 |
| Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) | $0 |
| Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) | $0 |
| Total Liabilities | $85,000 |
| Capital | |
| Planned Investment | |
| Owner | $20,000 |
| Investor | $0 |
| Additional Investment Requirement | $0 |
| Total Planned Investment | $20,000 |
| Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) | ($19,500) |
| Total Capital | $500 |
| Total Capital and Liabilities | $85,500 |
| Total Funding | $105,000 |
8.3 Important Assumptions
Hart Fraeme Gallery makes several important financial assumptions in this plan, as defined below:
- Assume access to capital and financing to support our financial plan.
- Assume financial progress based on realistic sales to minimum sales against highest expenses.
- Assume a steady economy, without major recession that would greatly hinder our target market’s access to their personal luxury finds.
8.4 Break-even Analysis
For the purposes of a break-even analysis, Hart Fraeme Gallery assumes per month fixed operating costs as shown below. This includes payroll, rent, utilities, and other costs associated with operating an art gallery and custom frame shop. The analysis shows that $30,553 in sales is required to break even, which is roughly 11% below estimated monthly sales for the first year.
In terms of units sold, the business must achieve sales of roughly 3-4 frame orders and 1-3 pieces of artwork on an average day. Because these numbers are approximately 15%-30% below industry norms, Hart Fraeme Gallery is confident that it can maintain its break-even figures.
| Break-even Analysis | |
| Monthly Revenue Break-even | $29,269 |
| Assumptions: | |
| Average Percent Variable Cost | 35% |
| Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost | $18,985 |
8.5 Projected Profit and Loss
Hart Fraeme Gallery makes several important assumptions in calculating profit and loss:
- Sales are estimated at minimum to average values, while expenses are estimated at above average to maximum values.
- Materials expenses will not increase drastically over the next several years, but will grow at a rate that matches increasing consumption.
- Rent expenses will also grow at a slow, predictable rate.
- Staffing and payroll expansions will be powered by increased sales.
| Pro Forma Profit and Loss | |||
| FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 | |
| Sales | $410,550 | $481,070 | $546,740 |
| Direct Cost of Sales | $144,250 | $170,220 | $202,200 |
| Other Costs of Sales | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Total Cost of Sales | $144,250 | $170,220 | $202,200 |
| Gross Margin | $266,300 | $310,850 | $344,540 |
| Gross Margin % | 64.86% | 64.62% | 63.02% |
| Expenses | |||
| Payroll | $88,320 | $95,000 | $111,500 |
| Marketing/Promotion | $10,250 | $10,000 | $10,000 |
| Depreciation | $3,000 | $3,500 | $4,000 |
| Rent | $48,000 | $60,000 | $63,000 |
| Percentage Rent | $41,200 | $48,100 | $54,700 |
| Payroll Taxes | $13,248 | $0 | $0 |
| Utilities | $19,000 | $20,000 | $22,000 |
| Insurance | $1,800 | $1,900 | $2,100 |
| Accounting Services | $2,400 | $2,500 | $2,600 |
| Other | $600 | $750 | $900 |
| Total Operating Expenses | $227,818 | $241,750 | $270,800 |
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes | $38,482 | $69,100 | $73,740 |
| EBITDA | $41,482 | $72,600 | $77,740 |
| Interest Expense | $7,590 | $5,980 | $4,300 |
| Taxes Incurred | $9,268 | $18,936 | $20,832 |
| Net Profit | $21,624 | $44,184 | $48,608 |
| Net Profit/Sales | 5.27% | 9.18% | 8.89% |
8.6 Projected Cash Flow
The cash flow estimations for Hart Fraeme Gallery hinge on the assumption that the influx of cash from September till February will be strong enough to maintain a positive balance for the remainder of the year. This is especially crucial in the first year, since Hart Fraeme Gallery will not be able to rely on profits from the previous.
Hart Fraeme Gallery is able to employ an effective system to help with cash-flow management. Given the nature of custom framing and the broad scope of materials available, it is most practical to purchase materials for framing after an order has been placed. Combined with the current system for payment on custom framing orders, (50% due on order, with the remainder due upon receipt) this system is advantageous for cash-flow management.
| Pro Forma Cash Flow | |||
| FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 | |
| Cash Received | |||
| Cash from Operations | |||
| Cash Sales | $410,550 | $481,070 | $546,740 |
| Subtotal Cash from Operations | $410,550 | $481,070 | $546,740 |
| Additional Cash Received | |||
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| New Current Borrowing | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| New Other Liabilities (interest-free) | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| New Long-term Liabilities | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Sales of Other Current Assets | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Sales of Long-term Assets | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| New Investment Received | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Subtotal Cash Received | $410,550 | $481,070 | $546,740 |
| Expenditures | FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 |
| Expenditures from Operations | |||
| Cash Spending | $88,320 | $95,000 | $111,500 |
| Bill Payments | $263,499 | $332,284 | $380,982 |
| Subtotal Spent on Operations | $351,819 | $427,284 | $492,482 |
| Additional Cash Spent | |||
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing | $16,800 | $16,800 | $16,800 |
| Other Liabilities Principal Repayment | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Purchase Other Current Assets | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Purchase Long-term Assets | $6,240 | $6,240 | $6,240 |
| Dividends | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Subtotal Cash Spent | $374,859 | $450,324 | $515,522 |
| Net Cash Flow | $35,691 | $30,746 | $31,218 |
| Cash Balance | $55,691 | $86,437 | $117,656 |
8.7 Projected Balance Sheet
The figures in the Projected Balance Sheet are promising, indicating a slow but steady increase in net worth. Hart Fraeme Gallery does not foresee any difficulty in meeting its financial obligations, provided that revenue predictions are met.
| Pro Forma Balance Sheet | |||
| FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 | |
| Assets | |||
| Current Assets | |||
| Cash | $55,691 | $86,437 | $117,656 |
| Inventory | $9,100 | $10,738 | $12,756 |
| Other Current Assets | $3,500 | $3,500 | $3,500 |
| Total Current Assets | $68,291 | $100,676 | $133,911 |
| Long-term Assets | |||
| Long-term Assets | $45,240 | $51,480 | $57,720 |
| Accumulated Depreciation | $3,000 | $6,500 | $10,500 |
| Total Long-term Assets | $42,240 | $44,980 | $47,220 |
| Total Assets | $110,531 | $145,656 | $181,131 |
| Liabilities and Capital | FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 |
| Current Liabilities | |||
| Accounts Payable | $20,207 | $27,947 | $31,615 |
| Current Borrowing | $68,200 | $51,400 | $34,600 |
| Other Current Liabilities | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Subtotal Current Liabilities | $88,407 | $79,347 | $66,215 |
| Long-term Liabilities | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Total Liabilities | $88,407 | $79,347 | $66,215 |
| Paid-in Capital | $20,000 | $20,000 | $20,000 |
| Retained Earnings | ($19,500) | $2,124 | $46,308 |
| Earnings | $21,624 | $44,184 | $48,608 |
| Total Capital | $22,124 | $66,308 | $114,916 |
| Total Liabilities and Capital | $110,531 | $145,656 | $181,131 |
| Net Worth | $22,124 | $66,308 | $114,916 |
8.8 Business Ratios
Over the next several years Hart Fraeme Gallery is poised to meet or exceed many of the industry-standard ratios. Nevertheless, there are some discrepancies in the ratio comparison; however, many of these can be explained by the fact that Hart Fraeme Gallery does business in two separate but related industries: art and framing. Because much of the business Hart Fraeme Gallery does will be custom framing, the ratios used for the industry standard are for picture framing, using the Standard Industrial Classification code 7699.1809. In some cases, the ratios for artwork sales are much different. The following ratios are particularly worth noting:
- Sales Growth – Because Hart Fraeme Gallery will be a new business, the ratio for sales growth is expected to be somewhat inflated for the first few years that the company is in business.
- Assets – In general, the ratios for Hart Fraeme Gallery’s assets are between the industry standard ratios for the two industries.
- Gross Margin – Due to the difference in wholesale ratios between artwork and framing materials, the ratio for Hart Fraeme Gallery is again higher than the ratio for artwork sales but lower than the ratio for picture framing.
- Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses – Again, Hart Fraeme Gallery’s ratio is higher than for artwork sales but lower than picture framing.
- Returns on Net Worth, Assets, and Equity – Many of these figures seem heavily exaggerated due to the fact that Hart Fraeme Gallery is a new company and thus has marked initial growth for net worth, assets, and equity.
| Ratio Analysis | ||||
| FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 | Industry Profile | |
| Sales Growth | 0.00% | 17.18% | 13.65% | 4.89% |
| Percent of Total Assets | ||||
| Inventory | 8.23% | 7.37% | 7.04% | 13.95% |
| Other Current Assets | 3.17% | 2.40% | 1.93% | 30.83% |
| Total Current Assets | 61.78% | 69.12% | 73.93% | 66.56% |
| Long-term Assets | 38.22% | 30.88% | 26.07% | 33.44% |
| Total Assets | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| Current Liabilities | 79.98% | 54.48% | 36.56% | 29.31% |
| Long-term Liabilities | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 21.88% |
| Total Liabilities | 79.98% | 54.48% | 36.56% | 51.19% |
| Net Worth | 20.02% | 45.52% | 63.44% | 48.81% |
| Percent of Sales | ||||
| Sales | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| Gross Margin | 64.86% | 64.62% | 63.02% | 100.00% |
| Selling, General & Administrative Expenses | 59.60% | 55.43% | 54.13% | 83.47% |
| Advertising Expenses | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.56% |
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes | 9.37% | 14.36% | 13.49% | 2.99% |
| Main Ratios | ||||
| Current | 0.77 | 1.27 | 2.02 | 1.80 |
| Quick | 0.67 | 1.13 | 1.83 | 1.16 |
| Total Debt to Total Assets | 79.98% | 54.48% | 36.56% | 59.36% |
| Pre-tax Return on Net Worth | 139.63% | 95.19% | 60.43% | 6.07% |
| Pre-tax Return on Assets | 27.95% | 43.34% | 38.34% | 14.93% |
| Additional Ratios | FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 | |
| Net Profit Margin | 5.27% | 9.18% | 8.89% | n.a |
| Return on Equity | 97.74% | 66.63% | 42.30% | n.a |
| Activity Ratios | ||||
| Inventory Turnover | 11.88 | 17.16 | 17.21 | n.a |
| Accounts Payable Turnover | 14.04 | 12.17 | 12.17 | n.a |
| Payment Days | 27 | 26 | 28 | n.a |
| Total Asset Turnover | 3.71 | 3.30 | 3.02 | n.a |
| Debt Ratios | ||||
| Debt to Net Worth | 4.00 | 1.20 | 0.58 | n.a |
| Current Liab. to Liab. | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | n.a |
| Liquidity Ratios | ||||
| Net Working Capital | ($20,116) | $21,328 | $67,696 | n.a |
| Interest Coverage | 5.07 | 11.56 | 17.15 | n.a |
| Additional Ratios | ||||
| Assets to Sales | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.33 | n.a |
| Current Debt/Total Assets | 80% | 54% | 37% | n.a |
| Acid Test | 0.67 | 1.13 | 1.83 | n.a |
| Sales/Net Worth | 18.56 | 7.26 | 4.76 | n.a |
| Dividend Payout | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | n.a |
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