The company's financial plan is based on conservative estimates and assumptions. We plan to combine owner investment and loans to fund our start-up requirements and to sustain the business to break-even, within 8 months to a year.
8.1 Start-up Funding
Total start-up expenses and assets required will be funded as shown in the Start-up Funding table, below. The $50,000 of Current Borrowing will be repaid within 3 years; the long-term liabilities will be repaid within 6 years.
Start-up Funding
Start-up Expenses to Fund
$55,750
Start-up Assets to Fund
$82,500
Total Funding Required
$138,250
Assets
Non-cash Assets from Start-up
$17,500
Cash Requirements from Start-up
$65,000
Additional Cash Raised
$0
Cash Balance on Starting Date
$65,000
Total Assets
$82,500
Liabilities and Capital
Liabilities
Current Borrowing
$50,000
Long-term Liabilities
$38,250
Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills)
$0
Other Current Liabilities (interest-free)
$0
Total Liabilities
$88,250
Capital
Planned Investment
Angela Redmon
$15,000
BeJe Denson
$35,000
Additional Investment Requirement
$0
Total Planned Investment
$50,000
Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses)
($55,750)
Total Capital
($5,750)
Total Capital and Liabilities
$82,500
Total Funding
$138,250
8.2 Important Assumptions
The company assumes steady growth from good management.
The company is assuming adequate loans to sustain it during start-up.
General Assumptions
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Plan Month
1
2
3
Current Interest Rate
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
Long-term Interest Rate
10.00%
10.00%
10.00%
Tax Rate
30.00%
30.00%
30.00%
Other
0
0
0
8.3 Break-even Analysis
The Break-even Analysis is based on the average of the first-year figures for total sales by units, and by operating expenses. These are presented as per-unit revenue, per-unit cost, and fixed costs. These conservative assumptions make for a more accurate estimate of real risk. With these projections, we should surpass the break-even point in September of our first year.
Break-even Analysis
Monthly Revenue Break-even
$43,645
Assumptions:
Average Percent Variable Cost
31%
Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost
$30,050
8.4 Business Ratios
The following table outlines some of the more important ratios from the Recreation Center industry (also referred to as Family Entertainment Centers). The final column, Industry Profile, details specific ratios based on the industry as it is classified by the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) code, 7999.9910.
Ratio Analysis
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Industry Profile
Sales Growth
0.00%
20.00%
20.00%
2.76%
Percent of Total Assets
Inventory
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
3.27%
Other Current Assets
2.95%
3.41%
2.72%
30.63%
Total Current Assets
83.62%
81.32%
85.42%
38.44%
Long-term Assets
16.38%
18.68%
14.58%
61.56%
Total Assets
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
Current Liabilities
53.53%
41.45%
17.13%
26.66%
Long-term Liabilities
37.54%
34.74%
20.77%
24.71%
Total Liabilities
91.07%
76.18%
37.90%
51.37%
Net Worth
8.93%
23.82%
62.10%
48.63%
Percent of Sales
Sales
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
Gross Margin
68.74%
69.61%
70.49%
100.00%
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses
66.38%
68.14%
65.61%
74.21%
Advertising Expenses
0.02%
0.00%
0.00%
2.76%
Profit Before Interest and Taxes
4.73%
2.88%
7.36%
2.23%
Main Ratios
Current
1.56
1.96
4.99
0.96
Quick
1.56
1.96
4.99
0.65
Total Debt to Total Assets
91.07%
76.18%
37.90%
64.43%
Pre-tax Return on Net Worth
251.25%
80.88%
99.14%
3.01%
Pre-tax Return on Assets
22.43%
19.26%
61.57%
8.47%
Additional Ratios
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Net Profit Margin
2.37%
1.46%
4.88%
n.a
Return on Equity
175.87%
56.62%
69.40%
n.a
Activity Ratios
Inventory Turnover
0.00
0.00
0.00
n.a
Accounts Payable Turnover
22.94
24.33
24.33
n.a
Payment Days
13
14
14
n.a
Total Asset Turnover
6.64
9.21
8.82
n.a
Debt Ratios
Debt to Net Worth
10.20
3.20
0.61
n.a
Current Liab. to Liab.
0.59
0.54
0.45
n.a
Liquidity Ratios
Net Working Capital
$25,543
$29,249
$62,784
n.a
Interest Coverage
3.51
3.63
19.48
n.a
Additional Ratios
Assets to Sales
0.15
0.11
0.11
n.a
Current Debt/Total Assets
54%
41%
17%
n.a
Acid Test
1.56
1.96
4.99
n.a
Sales/Net Worth
74.33
38.69
14.21
n.a
Dividend Payout
0.00
0.00
0.00
n.a
8.5 Projected Profit and Loss
As the Profit and Loss table shows, the company expects to continue its steady growth in profitability over the next three years of operations. Although the last three months of 2006 will generate a net profit, it is not expected to be high enough to counteract outflows in the first three quarters. However, the second and third years, even with additional employees to handle the extra business, should generate increasing profits.
Pro Forma Profit and Loss
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Sales
$563,271
$675,924
$811,109
Direct Cost of Sales
$175,456
$204,726
$238,546
Other Costs of Sales
$600
$700
$800
Total Cost of Sales
$176,056
$205,426
$239,346
Gross Margin
$387,215
$470,498
$571,763
Gross Margin %
68.74%
69.61%
70.49%
Expenses
Payroll
$271,478
$332,000
$388,000
Marketing/Promotion
$4,000
$4,000
$4,000
Depreciation
$100
$200
$300
Rent
$60,000
$60,000
$60,000
Utilities
$15,219
$17,000
$18,000
Insurance
$5,800
$5,800
$5,800
Payroll Taxes
$0
$27,000
$30,000
Other
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
Total Operating Expenses
$360,597
$451,000
$512,100
Profit Before Interest and Taxes
$26,618
$19,498
$59,663
EBITDA
$26,718
$19,698
$59,963
Interest Expense
$7,577
$5,369
$3,063
Taxes Incurred
$5,712
$4,239
$16,980
Net Profit
$13,328
$9,891
$39,620
Net Profit/Sales
2.37%
1.46%
4.88%
8.6 Projected Cash Flow
The cash flow projection shows that provisions for ongoing expenses are adequate to meet the needs of the company as the business generates sufficient cash flow to support operations. These cash flow projections depend upon receiving the loans necessary to fund our start-up requirements. The table, below, shows the anticipated repayment of the loans.
Pro Forma Cash Flow
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Cash Received
Cash from Operations
Cash Sales
$563,271
$675,924
$811,109
Subtotal Cash from Operations
$563,271
$675,924
$811,109
Additional Cash Received
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received
$0
$0
$0
New Current Borrowing
$0
$0
$0
New Other Liabilities (interest-free)
$0
$0
$0
New Long-term Liabilities
$0
$0
$0
Sales of Other Current Assets
$0
$0
$0
Sales of Long-term Assets
$0
$0
$0
New Investment Received
$0
$0
$0
Subtotal Cash Received
$563,271
$675,924
$811,109
Expenditures
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Expenditures from Operations
Cash Spending
$271,478
$332,000
$388,000
Bill Payments
$265,272
$332,206
$381,161
Subtotal Spent on Operations
$536,750
$664,206
$769,161
Additional Cash Spent
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out
$0
$0
$0
Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing
$16,656
$16,660
$16,684
Other Liabilities Principal Repayment
$0
$0
$0
Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment
$6,385
$6,385
$6,385
Purchase Other Current Assets
$0
$0
$0
Purchase Long-term Assets
$0
$0
$0
Dividends
$0
$0
$0
Subtotal Cash Spent
$559,791
$687,251
$792,230
Net Cash Flow
$3,479
($11,327)
$18,879
Cash Balance
$68,479
$57,152
$76,032
8.7 Projected Balance Sheet
Our projected balance sheet is presented in the table below. Although we do not become fully profitable until year two, we expect a steady increase in net worth over the foreseeable future.
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