Service-based businesses require little funds to start-up, and as they grow and expand, less funds to maintain. The charts and graphs that follow will show that investment up front allows Occasions to function debt-free with little overhead. This gives Occasions a quicker break-even point and increased profit margins from the start. As Occasions grows, the debt-free philosophy will be maintained until it is impossible to function during growth periods without financial assistance.
7.1 Important Assumptions
Tax rates are noted for information. We carry no loan burden that would be effected by these rates. What hits Occasions the hardest (but not nearly are bad as other service businesses), is the tax rate of 24%, which is nearly one quarter of the total sales. As Occasions continues to grow, these numbers will be reference rather than influence.
| General Assumptions |
| Plan Month |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| Current Interest Rate |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Long-term Interest Rate |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Tax Rate |
24.00% |
24.00% |
24.00% |
| Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7.2 Key Financial Indicators
The break-even point for Occasions is based on the assumption that we will produce 22 events per month and average approximately $521 per event. In the current situation, we average more than this assumption for our public and private organization events. These currently make up 18 of the 22 average events hosted per month.
7.3 Break-even Analysis
The break-even point is based on the assumption that we will produce 22 events per month and average approximately $521 per event. In the current situation, we average more than this assumption for our public and private organization events. These currently make up 18 of the 22 average events hosted per month.
The break-even point will appear more rapidly for Occasions than for other types of home-based businesses. Start-up costs are limited to minimal equipment, there is little or no staff to pay in the beginning, and contracted companies will handle any additional equipment required for the planned events.
| Break-even Analysis |
|
|
| Monthly Revenue Break-even |
$19,313 |
|
|
| Average Percent Variable Cost |
12% |
| Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |
$17,023 |
7.4 Projected Profit and Loss
Leading the industry in event planning requires the use of the resources available at the lowest cost. As noted in the table, we spend less money on overhead than another event planners with an outside office or office space in their own facility. This savings allows us to market in creative ways and spend funds on expansion into other areas when the time is right.
| Pro Forma Profit and Loss |
| Direct Cost of Sales |
$41,872 |
$58,507 |
$64,299 |
| Other Costs of Sales |
$196 |
$203 |
$221 |
| Total Cost of Sales |
$42,068 |
$58,710 |
$64,520 |
|
|
|
|
| Gross Margin |
$311,081 |
$435,960 |
$490,259 |
| Gross Margin % |
88.09% |
88.13% |
88.37% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Payroll |
$56,044 |
$63,310 |
$66,560 |
| Sales & Marketing & Other Expenses |
$146,013 |
$68,400 |
$73,400 |
| Depreciation |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Leased Equipment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Utilities |
$516 |
$750 |
$800 |
| Insurance |
$264 |
$750 |
$1,000 |
| Rent |
$1,440 |
$1,800 |
$1,800 |
| Payroll Taxes |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Other |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
$106,804 |
$300,950 |
$346,699 |
| EBITDA |
$106,804 |
$300,950 |
$346,699 |
| Interest Expense |
$406 |
$279 |
$362 |
| Taxes Incurred |
$25,535 |
$72,161 |
$83,121 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit/Sales |
22.90% |
46.19% |
47.45% |
7.5 Projected Cash Flow
Our cash situation is great. Although we begin with little extra cash, our increased growth allows us to make up for lost time. Our cash balance is always above the mark with the cash flow not too far behind. We have no negatives in our cash analysis.

| Pro Forma Cash Flow |
|
|
|
|
| Cash from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Sales |
$141,260 |
$197,868 |
$221,912 |
| Cash from Receivables |
$178,271 |
$283,330 |
$327,145 |
| Subtotal Cash from Operations |
$319,531 |
$481,198 |
$549,057 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Received |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Current Borrowing |
$4,000 |
$1,080 |
$1,080 |
| New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Investment Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Received |
$323,531 |
$482,278 |
$550,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Expenditures from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Spending |
$56,044 |
$63,310 |
$66,560 |
| Bill Payments |
$199,964 |
$209,268 |
$223,979 |
| Subtotal Spent on Operations |
$256,008 |
$272,578 |
$290,539 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Spent |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |
$3,500 |
$500 |
$0 |
| Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Dividends |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Spent |
$259,508 |
$273,078 |
$290,539 |
|
|
|
|
| Cash Balance |
$66,323 |
$275,523 |
$535,121 |
7.6 Projected Balance Sheet
Occasions is set up for success. According to the numbers, we start out fair and end up amazing. By FY2000, we will be worth over $125,000 with a profit margin of over 30%. We are operating with little to zero debt, boosting the net worth even higher. Our only weakness is the products to be released in FY2000 have not been accounted for as an investment of funds. This will effect the cash flow in a moderate way, and is undetermined how it will effect the profit ratio of the business.
| Pro Forma Balance Sheet |
|
|
|
|
| Current Assets |
|
|
|
| Cash |
$66,323 |
$275,523 |
$535,121 |
| Accounts Receivable |
$33,618 |
$47,090 |
$52,812 |
| Inventory |
$4,991 |
$6,975 |
$7,665 |
| Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Current Assets |
$104,933 |
$329,588 |
$595,598 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Accumulated Depreciation |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Assets |
$104,933 |
$329,588 |
$595,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
|
|
|
| Accounts Payable |
$21,270 |
$16,836 |
$18,550 |
| Current Borrowing |
$2,500 |
$3,080 |
$4,160 |
| Other Current Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Current Liabilities |
$23,770 |
$19,916 |
$22,710 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Liabilities |
$23,770 |
$19,916 |
$22,710 |
|
|
|
|
| Paid-in Capital |
$3,665 |
$3,665 |
$3,665 |
| Retained Earnings |
($3,365) |
$77,497 |
$306,007 |
| Earnings |
$80,862 |
$228,510 |
$263,216 |
| Total Capital |
$81,162 |
$309,672 |
$572,888 |
| Total Liabilities and Capital |
$104,933 |
$329,588 |
$595,598 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Worth |
$81,162 |
$309,672 |
$572,888 |
7.7 Business Ratios
Data on our business ratios is shown in the table below. Industry Profile ratios are based on Standard Industry Classification (SIC) Index code 7299.

| Ratio Analysis |
| Sales Growth |
0.00% |
40.07% |
12.15% |
11.37% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Accounts Receivable |
32.04% |
14.29% |
8.87% |
10.40% |
| Inventory |
4.76% |
2.12% |
1.29% |
3.83% |
| Other Current Assets |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
48.41% |
| Total Current Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
62.64% |
| Long-term Assets |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
37.36% |
| Total Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
22.65% |
6.04% |
3.81% |
23.10% |
| Long-term Liabilities |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
24.97% |
| Total Liabilities |
22.65% |
6.04% |
3.81% |
48.07% |
| Net Worth |
77.35% |
93.96% |
96.19% |
51.93% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sales |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
| Gross Margin |
88.09% |
88.13% |
88.37% |
100.00% |
| Selling, General & Administrative Expenses |
69.22% |
35.37% |
34.65% |
65.24% |
| Advertising Expenses |
0.51% |
0.44% |
0.47% |
2.43% |
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
30.24% |
60.84% |
62.49% |
4.31% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current |
4.41 |
16.55 |
26.23 |
1.83 |
| Quick |
4.20 |
16.20 |
25.89 |
1.31 |
| Total Debt to Total Assets |
22.65% |
6.04% |
3.81% |
58.52% |
| Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |
131.09% |
97.09% |
60.45% |
7.33% |
| Pre-tax Return on Assets |
101.40% |
91.23% |
58.15% |
17.66% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit Margin |
22.90% |
46.19% |
47.45% |
n.a |
| Return on Equity |
99.63% |
73.79% |
45.95% |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Accounts Receivable Turnover |
6.30 |
6.30 |
6.30 |
n.a |
| Collection Days |
43 |
50 |
55 |
n.a |
| Inventory Turnover |
10.91 |
9.78 |
8.78 |
n.a |
| Accounts Payable Turnover |
10.40 |
12.17 |
12.17 |
n.a |
| Payment Days |
27 |
34 |
29 |
n.a |
| Total Asset Turnover |
3.37 |
1.50 |
0.93 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Debt to Net Worth |
0.29 |
0.06 |
0.04 |
n.a |
| Current Liab. to Liab. |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Working Capital |
$81,162 |
$309,672 |
$572,888 |
n.a |
| Interest Coverage |
262.90 |
1,078.67 |
957.73 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Assets to Sales |
0.30 |
0.67 |
1.07 |
n.a |
| Current Debt/Total Assets |
23% |
6% |
4% |
n.a |
| Acid Test |
2.79 |
13.83 |
23.56 |
n.a |
| Sales/Net Worth |
4.35 |
1.60 |
0.97 |
n.a |
| Dividend Payout |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
n.a |