We want to finance growth mainly through cash flow. We recognize that this means we will have to grow more slowly than we might like.
The most important factor for our financial plan is collection of receivables. Our home health care services will be reimbursed primarily by Medicare, Medicaid, and other private insurances. History indicates that these payors are sometimes slow to reimburse and receivables can get hung up in the automated payment system if not tracked closely. As we broaden our scope of services to include a larger payor base, these lags in collection of receivables will have less impact on cash flow.
Our figures are based on start-up capital as shown in the Start-up and Start-up Funding tables; we will consider an additional loan if needed.
7.1 Important Assumptions
The General Assumptions table, below, shows our important (and conservative) annual assumptions concerning interest rates, tax rates, and personnel burden. In addition:
- We assume a strong economy, without major recession.
- We assume, of course, that there are no significant unforeseen changes in the federal policy that dictates Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement of Home Health Care Services.
| General Assumptions |
| Plan Month |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| Current Interest Rate |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Long-term Interest Rate |
8.00% |
8.00% |
8.00% |
| Tax Rate |
30.00% |
30.00% |
30.00% |
| Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7.2 Break-even Analysis
The Break-even Analysis below is based on monthly fixed costs and an Average Per Unit Variable Cost. This assumption about cost of sales may at first look low, but in our service-based business, payroll is included with other operating expenses in our fixed monthly amounts, so the variable costs relate to the only other cost of service provided: mileage to and from service locations.
At these levels, we need to bill and collect the amount shown below per month to cover our per month costs. We don't really expect to reach break-even until a few months into the business operation.
| Break-even Analysis |
|
|
| Monthly Revenue Break-even |
$17,532 |
|
|
| Average Percent Variable Cost |
6% |
| Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |
$16,555 |
7.3 Projected Profit and Loss
Our projected profit and loss is shown in the following table, with sales increasing throughout the three years of the plan, and profits are notable even for the start-up phase of this business. per month
We are projecting growth and total annual sales very conservatively, with high projected expenses. Our cost of sales is relatively low, as this is a service agency and the primary costs involved in providing the services are those related to payroll. The costs of sales reflects the cost of mileage reimbursement to employees, because the services we provide are home- and community-based and require travel to and from service locations.
The Profit and Loss table also contains our expenses for independently contracted physical, occupational and speech therapists, as well as the owner's and Clinical Director's after-tax draws.

| Pro Forma Profit and Loss |
| Direct Cost of Sales |
$24,121 |
$24,676 |
$25,245 |
| Other Costs of Sales |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Cost of Sales |
$24,121 |
$24,676 |
$25,245 |
|
|
|
|
| Gross Margin |
$408,819 |
$455,398 |
$507,829 |
| Gross Margin % |
94.43% |
94.86% |
95.26% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Payroll |
$109,343 |
$118,322 |
$121,870 |
| Payroll Taxes |
$29,920 |
$30,423 |
$30,956 |
| Depreciation |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Rent |
$2,400 |
$3,600 |
$3,600 |
| Heat and Lights |
$1,800 |
$1,800 |
$1,800 |
| Phone |
$3,000 |
$3,000 |
$3,000 |
| Cell Phones |
$1,800 |
$1,800 |
$1,800 |
| Water and Garbage |
$600 |
$600 |
$600 |
| Internet Access |
$300 |
$300 |
$300 |
| Professional Liability Insurance |
$9,000 |
$12,000 |
$12,000 |
| Workman's Comp Insurance |
$600 |
$600 |
$600 |
| Premises and Content Insurance |
$600 |
$600 |
$600 |
| Advertising and Marketing |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
| Meals and Entertainment |
$600 |
$600 |
$600 |
| Professional Development |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
| Office Equipment and Supplies |
$4,800 |
$4,800 |
$4,800 |
| Contracted Therapists: OT/PT/ST |
$19,500 |
$19,500 |
$19,500 |
| Nursing Supplies |
$12,000 |
$12,000 |
$12,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
$210,156 |
$243,053 |
$291,403 |
| EBITDA |
$210,156 |
$243,053 |
$291,403 |
| Interest Expense |
$4,000 |
$4,000 |
$4,000 |
| Taxes Incurred |
$61,847 |
$71,716 |
$86,221 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit/Sales |
33.33% |
34.86% |
37.74% |
7.4 Projected Cash Flow
The following cash flow projections show the annual amounts only. Collection of accounts receivable from our sales on credit will greatly affect our cash flow. Cash flow projections are critical to our success. The monthly cash flow is shown in the illustration, with one bar representing the cash flow per month, and the other the monthly cash balance. The annual cash flow figures are included here and the more important detailed monthly numbers are included in the appendix.

| Pro Forma Cash Flow |
|
|
|
|
| Cash from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Sales |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Cash from Receivables |
$341,293 |
$470,096 |
$521,854 |
| Subtotal Cash from Operations |
$341,293 |
$470,096 |
$521,854 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Received |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Investment Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Received |
$341,293 |
$470,096 |
$521,854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Expenditures from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Spending |
$109,343 |
$118,322 |
$121,870 |
| Bill Payments |
$161,040 |
$196,683 |
$208,739 |
| Subtotal Spent on Operations |
$270,383 |
$315,006 |
$330,608 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Spent |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Dividends |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Spent |
$270,383 |
$315,006 |
$330,608 |
|
|
|
|
| Cash Balance |
$115,509 |
$270,600 |
$461,846 |
7.5 Projected Balance Sheet
The balance sheet in the following table shows managed but sufficient growth of net worth, and a sufficiently healthy financial position. The monthly estimates are included in the appendix.
| Pro Forma Balance Sheet |
|
|
|
|
| Current Assets |
|
|
|
| Cash |
$115,509 |
$270,600 |
$461,846 |
| Accounts Receivable |
$91,647 |
$101,624 |
$112,843 |
| Other Current Assets |
$3,500 |
$3,500 |
$3,500 |
| Total Current Assets |
$210,656 |
$375,724 |
$578,189 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Accumulated Depreciation |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Assets |
$210,656 |
$375,724 |
$578,189 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
|
|
|
| Accounts Payable |
$18,248 |
$15,979 |
$17,262 |
| Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Other Current Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Current Liabilities |
$18,248 |
$15,979 |
$17,262 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Liabilities |
$50,000 |
$50,000 |
$50,000 |
| Total Liabilities |
$68,248 |
$65,979 |
$67,262 |
|
|
|
|
| Paid-in Capital |
$20,000 |
$20,000 |
$20,000 |
| Retained Earnings |
($21,901) |
$122,408 |
$289,745 |
| Earnings |
$144,309 |
$167,337 |
$201,182 |
| Total Capital |
$142,408 |
$309,745 |
$510,927 |
| Total Liabilities and Capital |
$210,656 |
$375,724 |
$578,189 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Worth |
$142,408 |
$309,745 |
$510,927 |
7.6 Business Ratios
The following table shows the projected businesses ratios, and a comparison of our ratios with standards for the home health care industry (SIC code 8082.000). We expect to maintain healthy ratios for profitability, risk, and return.

| Ratio Analysis |
| Sales Growth |
0.00% |
10.89% |
11.04% |
3.71% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Accounts Receivable |
43.51% |
27.05% |
19.52% |
21.90% |
| Other Current Assets |
1.66% |
0.93% |
0.61% |
45.48% |
| Total Current Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
69.58% |
| Long-term Assets |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
30.42% |
| Total Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
8.66% |
4.25% |
2.99% |
35.62% |
| Long-term Liabilities |
23.74% |
13.31% |
8.65% |
21.27% |
| Total Liabilities |
32.40% |
17.56% |
11.63% |
56.89% |
| Net Worth |
67.60% |
82.44% |
88.37% |
43.11% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sales |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
| Gross Margin |
94.43% |
94.86% |
95.26% |
100.00% |
| Selling, General & Administrative Expenses |
63.87% |
67.34% |
66.75% |
85.34% |
| Advertising Expenses |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.70% |
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
48.54% |
50.63% |
54.66% |
0.35% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current |
11.54 |
23.51 |
33.49 |
1.52 |
| Quick |
11.54 |
23.51 |
33.49 |
1.20 |
| Total Debt to Total Assets |
32.40% |
17.56% |
11.63% |
62.84% |
| Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |
144.76% |
77.18% |
56.25% |
1.09% |
| Pre-tax Return on Assets |
97.86% |
63.62% |
49.71% |
2.93% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit Margin |
33.33% |
34.86% |
37.74% |
n.a |
| Return on Equity |
101.33% |
54.02% |
39.38% |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Accounts Receivable Turnover |
4.72 |
4.72 |
4.72 |
n.a |
| Collection Days |
57 |
73 |
73 |
n.a |
| Accounts Payable Turnover |
9.83 |
12.17 |
12.17 |
n.a |
| Payment Days |
27 |
32 |
29 |
n.a |
| Total Asset Turnover |
2.06 |
1.28 |
0.92 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Debt to Net Worth |
0.48 |
0.21 |
0.13 |
n.a |
| Current Liab. to Liab. |
0.27 |
0.24 |
0.26 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Working Capital |
$192,408 |
$359,745 |
$560,927 |
n.a |
| Interest Coverage |
52.54 |
60.76 |
72.85 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Assets to Sales |
0.49 |
0.78 |
1.08 |
n.a |
| Current Debt/Total Assets |
9% |
4% |
3% |
n.a |
| Acid Test |
6.52 |
17.15 |
26.96 |
n.a |
| Sales/Net Worth |
3.04 |
1.55 |
1.04 |
n.a |
| Dividend Payout |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
n.a |