The following sections include the annual estimates for the standard set of financial tables. Detailed monthly pro-forma tables are included in the appendix.
Our financial plan calls for limited growth in the first three months, followed by much higher sales when we move and hire additional employees. These projections are based on sound market research and ratios for comparable businesses. As we grow, we will keep our operating expenses down, and maintain a positive cash balance as we repay our three-year loan.
7.1 Important Assumptions
PC Repair's customer base would fluctuate if there was a recess in the economy or other extenuating circumstances that pertain directly to consumer or industry behavior. However, given the steady increase in computer users despite the recent recession, we assume that sales forecasts are unlikely to be dramatically altered by economic events. The table below shows some of our other assumptions.
| General Assumptions |
| Plan Month |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| Current Interest Rate |
7.00% |
70.00% |
70.00% |
| Long-term Interest Rate |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Tax Rate |
30.00% |
30.00% |
30.00% |
| Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7.2 Break-even Analysis
Fixed costs are projected at a monthly average for the first year. This includes payroll, moving expenses and rent, purchase of a company vehicle, and other necessities like cell phones and the answering service. Variable costs (inventory used in repairing or servicing computers) are projected as well. At these levels, what we need to bring in per month to break even is shown in the table and chart below. We will reach our break-even point mid-year, although we expect sales in November and December to dip below this level because of holidays.
| Break-even Analysis |
|
|
| Monthly Units Break-even |
52 |
| Monthly Revenue Break-even |
$15,110 |
|
|
| Average Per-Unit Revenue |
$291.29 |
| Average Per-Unit Variable Cost |
$70.00 |
| Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |
$11,479 |
7.3 Projected Profit and Loss
The table below shows our projected profit and loss. There are two lines for direct cost of sales - the second line shows projected inventory costs of fulfilling our maintenance contracts. The marketing/promotion line shows our planned advertising program expenses. Although these are aggressive, we must spend heavily in the first year in order to establish the brand recognition that will help us break in to the local market.
This table also shows our projected expense increases as we hire more employees and move into a larger rented space. Before the move, the owner will absorb expenses related to utilities. In years two and three, we have budgeted for additional expensed equipment to expand our diagnostic and repair capabilities to keep up with orders.
We are seeking a modest net profit in the first year. As our reputation grows, we will see higher revenues and net profit over the next three years.
| Pro Forma Profit and Loss |
| Direct Cost of Sales |
$42,604 |
$55,800 |
$64,350 |
| Costs of Fulfilling Maintenance Contracts |
$1,488 |
$4,320 |
$6,120 |
| Total Cost of Sales |
$44,092 |
$60,120 |
$70,470 |
|
|
|
|
| Gross Margin |
$158,938 |
$215,880 |
$258,030 |
| Gross Margin % |
78.28% |
78.22% |
78.55% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Payroll |
$69,000 |
$110,000 |
$115,000 |
| Marketing/Promotion |
$28,000 |
$6,000 |
$12,000 |
| Depreciation |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Lease |
$10,000 |
$12,000 |
$12,000 |
| Expensed Equipment |
$0 |
$10,000 |
$12,000 |
| Insurance |
$3,150 |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
| Website |
$2,080 |
$480 |
$480 |
| Answering Service |
$200 |
$2,400 |
$2,400 |
| Mileage |
$2,660 |
$5,400 |
$5,400 |
| Vehicles |
$13,200 |
$15,000 |
$17,000 |
| Cell Phones |
$1,260 |
$1,260 |
$1,260 |
| Utilities |
$5,000 |
$6,000 |
$7,000 |
| Internet |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
$1,200 |
| Moving Expenses |
$2,000 |
$0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
$21,188 |
$44,940 |
$71,090 |
| EBITDA |
$21,188 |
$44,940 |
$71,090 |
| Interest Expense |
$1,097 |
$6,570 |
$2,139 |
| Taxes Incurred |
$6,027 |
$11,511 |
$20,685 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit/Sales |
6.93% |
9.73% |
14.69% |
7.4 Projected Cash Flow
The Cash Flow chart, below, shows our projected cash position for the first year; the table following it shows highlights for the first three years. With the requested start-up funding, we will maintain a positive cash balance throughout, and repay the loan within three years.

| Pro Forma Cash Flow |
|
|
|
|
| Cash from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Sales |
$203,030 |
$276,000 |
$328,500 |
| Subtotal Cash from Operations |
$203,030 |
$276,000 |
$328,500 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Received |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Investment Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Received |
$203,030 |
$276,000 |
$328,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Expenditures from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Spending |
$69,000 |
$110,000 |
$115,000 |
| Bill Payments |
$110,873 |
$141,877 |
$164,115 |
| Subtotal Spent on Operations |
$179,873 |
$251,877 |
$279,115 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Spent |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |
$6,564 |
$6,550 |
$6,111 |
| Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Dividends |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Spent |
$186,437 |
$258,427 |
$285,226 |
|
|
|
|
| Cash Balance |
$44,593 |
$62,165 |
$105,440 |
7.5 Business Ratios
Business ratios for the years of this plan are shown below. Industry profile ratios based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 7379, Computer Related Services, (NAICS 811212) are shown for comparison.
Our projected growth is much higher than the industry average; in part, this is because we are a start-up, growing sales steadily in these first three years. We are sure that our sales forecast is conservative, given the dissatisfaction among local computer users with existing options, and our planned aggressive marketing campaign.

| Ratio Analysis |
| Sales Growth |
0.00% |
35.94% |
19.02% |
5.23% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Inventory |
8.22% |
8.15% |
6.01% |
2.79% |
| Other Current Assets |
16.81% |
12.73% |
8.14% |
51.19% |
| Total Current Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
75.09% |
| Long-term Assets |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
24.91% |
| Total Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
42.77% |
22.49% |
11.12% |
31.75% |
| Long-term Liabilities |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
18.48% |
| Total Liabilities |
42.77% |
22.49% |
11.12% |
50.23% |
| Net Worth |
57.23% |
77.51% |
88.88% |
49.77% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sales |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
| Gross Margin |
78.28% |
78.22% |
78.55% |
100.00% |
| Selling, General & Administrative Expenses |
38.70% |
65.72% |
64.96% |
80.06% |
| Advertising Expenses |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
1.23% |
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
10.44% |
16.28% |
21.64% |
1.95% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current |
2.34 |
4.45 |
8.99 |
1.53 |
| Quick |
2.15 |
4.08 |
8.45 |
1.24 |
| Total Debt to Total Assets |
42.77% |
22.49% |
11.12% |
57.27% |
| Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |
59.02% |
63.01% |
63.16% |
2.73% |
| Pre-tax Return on Assets |
33.78% |
48.84% |
56.14% |
6.39% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit Margin |
6.93% |
9.73% |
14.69% |
n.a |
| Return on Equity |
41.32% |
44.10% |
44.21% |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Inventory Turnover |
10.25 |
9.88 |
9.33 |
n.a |
| Accounts Payable Turnover |
9.67 |
12.17 |
12.17 |
n.a |
| Payment Days |
27 |
32 |
28 |
n.a |
| Total Asset Turnover |
3.41 |
3.51 |
2.67 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Debt to Net Worth |
0.75 |
0.29 |
0.13 |
n.a |
| Current Liab. to Liab. |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Working Capital |
$34,039 |
$60,898 |
$109,163 |
n.a |
| Interest Coverage |
19.32 |
6.84 |
33.24 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Assets to Sales |
0.29 |
0.28 |
0.37 |
n.a |
| Current Debt/Total Assets |
43% |
22% |
11% |
n.a |
| Acid Test |
2.15 |
4.08 |
8.45 |
n.a |
| Sales/Net Worth |
5.96 |
4.53 |
3.01 |
n.a |
| Dividend Payout |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
n.a |
7.6 Projected Balance Sheet
The Balance Sheet shows a steadily increasing net worth over the next three years. Since we are planning to rent, and because computer technology changes so rapidly, we will have only short-term assets, such as computer equipment and furniture. This will make our net worth much more liquid than many similar businesses.
| Pro Forma Balance Sheet |
|
|
|
|
| Current Assets |
|
|
|
| Cash |
$44,593 |
$62,165 |
$105,440 |
| Inventory |
$4,890 |
$6,404 |
$7,385 |
| Other Current Assets |
$10,000 |
$10,000 |
$10,000 |
| Total Current Assets |
$59,482 |
$78,569 |
$122,825 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Accumulated Depreciation |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Assets |
$59,482 |
$78,569 |
$122,825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
|
|
|
| Accounts Payable |
$12,783 |
$11,561 |
$13,662 |
| Current Borrowing |
$12,661 |
$6,111 |
$0 |
| Other Current Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Current Liabilities |
$25,444 |
$17,672 |
$13,662 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Liabilities |
$25,444 |
$17,672 |
$13,662 |
|
|
|
|
| Paid-in Capital |
$23,000 |
$23,000 |
$23,000 |
| Retained Earnings |
($3,025) |
$11,039 |
$37,898 |
| Earnings |
$14,064 |
$26,859 |
$48,266 |
| Total Capital |
$34,039 |
$60,898 |
$109,163 |
| Total Liabilities and Capital |
$59,482 |
$78,569 |
$122,825 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Worth |
$34,039 |
$60,898 |
$109,163 |