- Salaries and rent are the two major expenses, while depreciation is another significant cost that will increase as the company develops.
- We want to finance growth mainly through cash flow. We recognize that this means we will have to grow slowly.
- It should be noted that the owners of Southeast Racing Parts do not intend to take any profits out of the business until the long-term debt has been satisfied. Whatever profits remain after the debt payments will be used to finance growth, mainly through the acquisition of additional inventory.
7.1 Important Assumptions
Key assumptions for Southeast Racing Parts are:
- We do not sell anything on credit.
- We assume the continued popularity of auto racing in America.
- Monthly sales are the largest indicator for this business. There are some seasonal variations, with the months January through June being the highest sales months.
- We assume access to capital and financing sufficient to maintain our financial plan as shown in the tables.
| General Assumptions |
| Plan Month |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| Current Interest Rate |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Long-term Interest Rate |
10.00% |
10.00% |
10.00% |
| Tax Rate |
30.00% |
30.00% |
30.00% |
| Other |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7.2 Key Financial Indicators
The key indicators in our plan illustrate increasing sales, control of costs, and increasing profit margins.
7.3 Break-even Analysis
For our break-even analysis, we assume per month running costs which includes payroll, rent, utilities, and an estimation of other running costs.
Based on our anticipated margin, what we need to sell per month to break even is shown in the chart and table below.
Our sales forecast indicates that monthly sales are expected to be much greater than the break-even point mentioned in the table.
| Break-even Analysis |
|
|
| Monthly Revenue Break-even |
$17,581 |
|
|
| Average Percent Variable Cost |
67% |
| Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |
$5,838 |
7.4 Projected Profit and Loss
The detailed monthly pro-forma income statement is included in the appendix. The annual estimates are included on the following page. We expect a modest by acceptable profit at the end of the first year of business. It should almost double by the third year as the reputation of our business, employees, and services become apparent to the local racers. Second year revenues anticipate the addition of one part-time employee, along with one full-time employee in the third year.
The credit card surcharge expense was based upon 50% of sales being paid for with plastic, and assuming a 2% service fee. The inbound freight charges were based upon 2% of cost of goods for year one, 1.75% for year two, and 1.5% for year three. Depreciation was figured upon $29,000 in expensed equipment at the rate of seven years.
| Pro Forma Profit and Loss |
| Direct Cost of Sales |
$245,154 |
$314,147 |
$402,472 |
| Other Costs of Sales |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Cost of Sales |
$245,154 |
$314,147 |
$402,472 |
|
|
|
|
| Gross Margin |
$121,865 |
$157,938 |
$206,198 |
| Gross Margin % |
33.20% |
33.46% |
33.88% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Payroll |
$26,400 |
$39,680 |
$66,016 |
| Marketing/Promotion |
$1,800 |
$2,340 |
$3,042 |
| Depreciation |
$4,140 |
$4,140 |
$4,140 |
| Vehicle Expense |
$1,700 |
$1,850 |
$2,000 |
| Credit Card Surcharge |
$3,498 |
$4,547 |
$5,911 |
| Inbound Freight Charges |
$4,964 |
$5,497 |
$6,036 |
| Office Supplies |
$600 |
$780 |
$1,014 |
| Security/alarm |
$360 |
$360 |
$360 |
| Telephone |
$2,650 |
$3,445 |
$4,478 |
| Accounting Costs |
$1,500 |
$1,500 |
$1,500 |
| Rent |
$19,200 |
$19,200 |
$19,200 |
| Utilities |
$2,400 |
$2,400 |
$2,400 |
| Insurance |
$840 |
$840 |
$840 |
| Payroll Taxes |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Other |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
$51,813 |
$71,359 |
$89,261 |
| EBITDA |
$55,953 |
$75,499 |
$93,401 |
| Interest Expense |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Taxes Incurred |
$15,544 |
$21,408 |
$26,778 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit/Sales |
9.88% |
10.58% |
10.27% |
7.5 Projected Cash Flow
Cash flow projections are critical to our success. The following table shows cash flow for the first three years, and the chart illustrates monthly cash flow in the first year. Monthly cash flow projections are included in the appendix.

| Pro Forma Cash Flow |
|
|
|
|
| Cash from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Sales |
$367,019 |
$472,085 |
$608,670 |
| Subtotal Cash from Operations |
$367,019 |
$472,085 |
$608,670 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Received |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Sales of Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| New Investment Received |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Received |
$367,019 |
$472,085 |
$608,670 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Expenditures from Operations |
|
|
|
| Cash Spending |
$26,400 |
$39,680 |
$66,016 |
| Bill Payments |
$253,470 |
$382,218 |
$478,195 |
| Subtotal Spent on Operations |
$279,870 |
$421,898 |
$544,211 |
|
|
|
|
| Additional Cash Spent |
|
|
|
| Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Purchase Long-term Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Dividends |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Cash Spent |
$279,870 |
$421,898 |
$544,211 |
|
|
|
|
| Cash Balance |
$88,149 |
$138,336 |
$202,795 |
7.6 Projected Balance Sheet
The table shows the annual balance sheet results, with a healthy projected increase in net worth. Detailed monthly projections are in the appendix.
| Pro Forma Balance Sheet |
|
|
|
|
| Current Assets |
|
|
|
| Cash |
$88,149 |
$138,336 |
$202,795 |
| Inventory |
$28,816 |
$36,925 |
$47,307 |
| Other Current Assets |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Current Assets |
$116,965 |
$175,261 |
$250,102 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
|
|
|
| Long-term Assets |
$29,000 |
$29,000 |
$29,000 |
| Accumulated Depreciation |
$4,140 |
$8,280 |
$12,420 |
| Total Long-term Assets |
$24,860 |
$20,720 |
$16,580 |
| Total Assets |
$141,825 |
$195,981 |
$266,682 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
|
|
|
| Accounts Payable |
$27,555 |
$31,761 |
$39,979 |
| Current Borrowing |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Other Current Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Subtotal Current Liabilities |
$27,555 |
$31,761 |
$39,979 |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Liabilities |
$0 |
$0 |
$0 |
| Total Liabilities |
$27,555 |
$31,761 |
$39,979 |
|
|
|
|
| Paid-in Capital |
$80,625 |
$80,625 |
$80,625 |
| Retained Earnings |
($2,625) |
$33,644 |
$83,595 |
| Earnings |
$36,269 |
$49,951 |
$62,483 |
| Total Capital |
$114,269 |
$164,220 |
$226,703 |
| Total Liabilities and Capital |
$141,825 |
$195,981 |
$266,682 |
|
|
|
|
| Net Worth |
$114,269 |
$164,220 |
$226,703 |
7.7 Business Ratios
Business ratios for the years of this plan are shown below. Industry profile ratios based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 5531, Auto and Home Supply Stores, are shown for comparison.

| Ratio Analysis |
| Sales Growth |
0.00% |
28.63% |
28.93% |
4.90% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Inventory |
20.32% |
18.84% |
17.74% |
47.50% |
| Other Current Assets |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
28.90% |
| Total Current Assets |
82.47% |
89.43% |
93.78% |
76.40% |
| Long-term Assets |
17.53% |
10.57% |
6.22% |
23.60% |
| Total Assets |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities |
19.43% |
16.21% |
14.99% |
39.20% |
| Long-term Liabilities |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
15.50% |
| Total Liabilities |
19.43% |
16.21% |
14.99% |
54.70% |
| Net Worth |
80.57% |
83.79% |
85.01% |
45.30% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sales |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
100.00% |
| Gross Margin |
33.20% |
33.46% |
33.88% |
32.00% |
| Selling, General & Administrative Expenses |
23.32% |
22.87% |
23.61% |
19.60% |
| Advertising Expenses |
1.13% |
0.88% |
0.68% |
1.40% |
| Profit Before Interest and Taxes |
14.12% |
15.12% |
14.66% |
1.50% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Current |
4.24 |
5.52 |
6.26 |
2.03 |
| Quick |
3.20 |
4.36 |
5.07 |
0.59 |
| Total Debt to Total Assets |
19.43% |
16.21% |
14.99% |
54.70% |
| Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |
45.34% |
43.45% |
39.37% |
3.50% |
| Pre-tax Return on Assets |
36.53% |
36.41% |
33.47% |
7.60% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Profit Margin |
9.88% |
10.58% |
10.27% |
n.a |
| Return on Equity |
31.74% |
30.42% |
27.56% |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Inventory Turnover |
9.67 |
9.56 |
9.56 |
n.a |
| Accounts Payable Turnover |
10.13 |
12.17 |
12.17 |
n.a |
| Payment Days |
27 |
28 |
27 |
n.a |
| Total Asset Turnover |
2.59 |
2.41 |
2.28 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Debt to Net Worth |
0.24 |
0.19 |
0.18 |
n.a |
| Current Liab. to Liab. |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net Working Capital |
$89,409 |
$143,500 |
$210,123 |
n.a |
| Interest Coverage |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
n.a |
|
|
|
|
|
| Assets to Sales |
0.39 |
0.42 |
0.44 |
n.a |
| Current Debt/Total Assets |
19% |
16% |
15% |
n.a |
| Acid Test |
3.20 |
4.36 |
5.07 |
n.a |
| Sales/Net Worth |
3.21 |
2.87 |
2.68 |
n.a |
| Dividend Payout |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
n.a |